| Formation | 1922 |
|---|---|
| Headquarters | Mexico |
| Location | Missouri |
| Membership | Miss America |
| Language | English |
| Website | Official website |
The Miss Missouri competition is the pageant that selects the representative for the U.S. state of Missouri in the Miss America pageant.
Courtney Rowe of Kansas City was crowned Miss Missouri 2025 on June 14, 2025, at Missouri Military Academy in Mexico, Missouri. She competed for the title of Miss America 2026.
History
From 1935 to 1970, the Miss Missouri pageant was held in a number of locations, including St. Louis, Kansas City, and Springfield. In 1970, the pageant was held for the first time in Mexico, which would become the pageant's home. The pageant has been held in Mexico in all following years.
Missouri has produced one Miss America: Debbye Turner (Miss America 1990). Three Miss Missouri pageant winners have won the Miss Missouri USA crown and competed in the annual Miss USA pageant, most notably Miss Missouri 2002, Shandi Finnessey, who won the Miss USA 2004 title and placed 1st runner-up at Miss Universe.[citation needed] Sarah French, Miss Missouri 2006, is the only titleholder who has also competed at Miss Teen USA, representing Arkansas.[citation needed]
Results summary
The following is a visual summary of the past results of Miss Missouri titleholders at the national Miss America pageants/competitions. The year in parentheses indicates the year of the national competition during which a placement and/or award was garnered, not the year attached to the contestant's state title.
Placements
- Miss Americas: Debbye Turner (1990)
- 1st runners-up: Edna Smith (1935), Jennifer Davis (2018)
- 2nd runners-up: Soncee Brown (1992), Simone Esters (2020)
- 3rd runners-up: Charlotte Nash (1923), Susan Wilson (1980), Deborah McDonald (1999)
- 4th runners-up: Tamara Tungate (1987), Kimberly Massaro (1997)
- Top 10: Sara Cooper (1958), Barbara Webster (1984), Robin Elizabeth Riley (1988), Stephanie Patterson (1993)
- Top 12: Shelby Ringdahl (2014)
- Top 15: Corinne Groves (1926), Marguerite Jordan (1926), Virginia Morrison (1940), Amber Etheridge (2004)
- Top 16: Wauneta Bates (1937)
- Top 18: Marie Marks (1933)
- Top 20: Jennifer Hover (2002)
Awards
Preliminary awards
- Preliminary Evening Gown: Shandi Finnessey (2003)
- Preliminary Lifestyle and Fitness: Tamara Tungate (1987), Debbye Turner (1990)
- Preliminary Talent: Sara Cooper (1958), Barbara Webster (1984)
Non-finalist awards
- Non-finalist Talent: Sharon Knickmeyer (1956), Frances Biesemeyer (1970), Heather Smith (1989), Whitney Weeks (2005)
Other awards
- Dr. David B. Allman Medical Scholarship: Ann Marie Sun (1995)
- Beacom College STEM Scholarship: Simone Esters (2020)
- Quality of Life Award Finalists: Tara Osseck (2010)
- Roller Chair Parade Grand Prize: Charlotte Nash (1923)
- AHA Go Red for Women Leadership Award Regional Winner: Courtney Rowe (2026)
Winners
- Declared as winner
- Ended as a runner-up
- Ended as a finalist or semi-finalist
| Year | Name | Hometown | Age | Local Title | Miss America Talent | Placement at Miss America | Special scholarships at Miss America | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Courtney Rowe | Kansas City | 23 | Miss Kansas City | Jazz Dance | AHA Go Red for Women Leadership Award Regional Winner | ||
| 2024 | Ashley Berry | Clinton | 20 | Miss Kansas City | Contemporary Ballet en Pointe | Previously Miss Missouri's Outstanding Teen 2021 | ||
| 2023 | Hayley Leach[1] | St.Louis | 25 | Miss Southern Missouri | Monologue | |||
| 2022 | Claire Marie Kuebler | Wildwood | 21 | Miss Spirit of St. Louis | Vocal | |||
| 2021 | Callie Cox[2] | Mexico | 21 | Miss Zona Rosa | Vocal | |||
| 2019–20 | Simone Esters[3][4] | Columbia | 20 | Miss Metro St. Louis | Baton Twirling, "Turn the Beat Around" | 2nd runner-up[5] | Beacom College STEM Scholarship[6] | Founded Writeous Girls, Inc., a nonprofit mentoring program that works to empower young women through the craft of writing[7] |
| 2018 | Katelyn Lewis[8] | Lake St. Louis | 22 | Miss Fleur De Lis | Vocal, "Memory" from Cats | |||
| 2017 | Jennifer Davis[9][10] | St. Charles | 23 | Miss Jackson | Bollywood Dance, "Naacho Re" | 1st runner-up[11] | Published author of children's book, Diversity Matters[12] | |
| 2016 | Erin O'Flaherty[13] | St. Louis | 23 | Miss City of Fountains | Vocal | First openly gay contestant to compete at Miss America[13] | ||
| 2015 | McKensie Garber[14] | Hale | 22 | Miss Gateway St. Louis | Jazz Ballet en Pointe, "P.Y.T." | Previously Miss Missouri's Outstanding Teen 2011[14] | ||
| 2014 | Jessica Hartman[15] | Pueblo | 23 | Miss Springfield | Dance, "Steppin' Out with My Baby" | Previously Miss Colorado USA 2010 3rd runner-up at Miss USA 2010 pageant Previously Miss Intercontinental 2011[16] | ||
| 2013 | Shelby Ringdahl[17] | Columbia | 21 | Miss Springfield | Vocal, "Defying Gravity" from Wicked | Top 12 | ||
| 2012 | Tippe Emmott[18] | Springfield | 21 | Miss Branson | Ballet en Pointe, "Un Dia Llegara" | 1st runner-up at National Sweetheart 2011 pageant | ||
| 2011 | Sydney Friar[19] | El Dorado Springs | 22 | Vocal, "Dream On" | ||||
| 2010 | Erika Hebron[20] | O'Fallon | 23 | Miss Gateway St. Louis | Lyrical Dance, "Dream In Color" | |||
| 2009 | Tara Osseck[21] | St. Charles | 23 | Miss Lake of the Ozarks | Tap Dance, "Sing, Sing, Sing" | Quality of Life Award Finalist | ||
| 2008 | Lacey Fitzgerald | Kansas City | 24 | Miss Gateway of the West | Vocal | |||
| 2007 | Lindsay Casmaer | Florissant | 24 | Miss River City | Ballet en Pointe, "Piano Fantasy" | |||
| 2006 | Sarah French | Columbia | 21 | Miss Mid-Missouri | Vocal, "I've Got the World on a String" | Previously Miss Arkansas Teen USA 2004 Named Miss Photogenic at Miss Teen USA 2004 pageant | ||
| 2005 | Stacie Cooley | Liberty | 22 | Miss Columbia | Jazz Dance, "Last Dance" | |||
| 2004 | Whitney Weeks | Chesterfield | 24 | Miss Jackson | Tap Dance, "Tico-Tico no Fubá" | Non-finalist Talent Award | Daughter of Miss West Virginia 1961, Carole Johnson[citation needed] | |
| 2003 | Amber Etheridge | St. Louis | 23 | Miss Northwest Missouri | Vocal, "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" | Top 15 | ||
| 2002 | Shandi Finnessey[22] | Florissant | 24 | Miss Metro St. Louis | Piano, "Bumble Boogie" | Preliminary Evening Gown Award | Later Miss Missouri USA 2004 Later Miss USA 2004[23] 1st runner-up at Miss Universe 2004 pageant[24] | |
| 2001 | Jennifer Hover | Springfield | 23 | Miss Springfield | Vocal Medley, "Somewhere" & "Over the Rainbow" | Top 20 | ||
| 2000 | Arron Wendel | Lawson | 23 | Miss Ray County | Modern Dance, "This Is Your Time" | |||
| 1999 | Patryce King | New Cambria | 23 | Miss Mid-Missouri | Piano, Rhapsody in Blue | |||
| 1998 | Deborah McDonald | Alton | 24 | Miss West Plains | Vocal, "I Will Always Love You" | 3rd runner-up | ||
| 1997 | Michele Eise | St. Louis | 24 | Miss Malden | Gospel Vocal, "How Great Thou Art" | |||
| 1996 | Kimberly Massaro | St. Louis | 24 | Miss Mid-Missouri | Tap Dance, "Favorite Son" from The Will Rogers Follies | 4th runner-up | ||
| 1995 | Erin Phillips | Mexico | 23 | Miss Audrain | Tap Dance to Gershwin Medley | |||
| 1994 | Ann Marie Sun | Springfield | 22 | Miss Mid-Missouri | Piano | Dr. David B. Allman Medical Scholarship | ||
| 1993 | Amber Green | Steelville | 23 | Miss North Central | Piano, "Battle Hymn of the Republic" | |||
| 1992 | Stephanie Patterson | Kansas City | 23 | Miss Aurora | Vocal Medley, "I Have Dreamed" & "If I Loved You" | Top 10 | ||
| 1991 | Soncee Brown | Springfield | 24 | Miss Lake of the Ozarks | Vocal / Piano, "He Touched Me" from Drat! The Cat! | 2nd runner-up | ||
| 1990 | Sherry Traylor | Mexico | 26 | Miss North Central | Vocal, "What's New" | |||
| 1989 | Patricia Ann Meusburger[25] | 25 | Miss Twin Counties | colspan=3 | ||||
| Debbye Turner | Mexico | 23 | Miss Columbia | Marimba Medley, "Flight of the Bumblebee," "Csárdás," & "Can-Can" | Winner[26] | Preliminary Lifestyle & Fitness Award | Previously National Sweetheart 1988 as Miss Arkansas Later a medical reporter and anchor for CBS' The Early Show | |
| 1988 | Heather Smith | Maryland Heights | 21 | Miss Columbia | Baton Twirling, "Whistler and his Dog" by Arthur Pryor | Non-finalist Talent Award | ||
| 1987 | Robin Elizabeth Riley | Columbia | 25 | Miss Columbia | Ballet, "Overture" from Funny Girl | Top 10 | Previously Miss Missouri USA 1983 | |
| 1986 | Tamara Tungate | St. Peters | 21 | Miss North Central | Vocal, "Don't Rain on My Parade" from Funny Girl | 4th runner-up | Preliminary Lifestyle & Fitness Award | |
| 1985 | Lisa Coverdale | Columbia | 24 | Miss North Central | Classical Piano | |||
| 1984 | Anna Schell | Kennett | 26 | Miss Springfield | Semi-classical Vocal, Medley from The Sound of Music | |||
| 1983 | Barbara Webster | Jefferson City | 21 | Miss Santa Fe Trails | Violin Medley, "Listen to the Mocking Bird" & "Orange Blossom Special" | Top 10 | Preliminary Talent Award | Later Miss Missouri USA 1986 |
| 1982 | Julie Phillips | Ava | 18 | Miss Queen of the Ozarks | Classical/Jazz Piano | |||
| 1981 | Theresa McDonnell | Florissant | 22 | Miss Trenton | Vocal, "Let's Hear it for Me" from Funny Lady | |||
| 1980 | Carla LeFevre | Harrisonville | 22 | Miss Kansas City | Semi-classical Vocal, "And This Is My Beloved" | |||
| 1979 | Susan Wilson | Columbia | 21 | Miss Jefferson County | Piano, Fantaisie-Impromptu | 3rd runner-up | ||
| 1978 | Tamara Fister | Poplar Bluff | 21 | Miss St. Louis | Vocal, "Beautiful" | |||
| 1977 | Jayne Scherder | Bowling Green | 20 | Miss William Woods College | Piano, "The Firefly" | |||
| 1976 | Marcia Kolich | Sugar Creek | 22 | Miss Jackson County | Jazz Dance, "Everything's Coming up Roses," "On Broadway," & "That's Entertainment!" | |||
| 1975 | Rebecca Rives | Stoutsville | 22 | Miss Kirksville | Vocal Medley, "The Trolley Song" & "Over the Rainbow" | |||
| 1974 | Michelle Marshall | Florissant | 20 | Miss St. Louis | Vocal / Dance, "Sweet Charity" from Sweet Charity | |||
| 1973 | Terri Dodson | Fulton | 22 | Miss William Woods College | Piano, "Dizzy Fingers" | |||
| 1972 | Anita Columbo | St. Louis | 21 | Miss St. Louis | Vocal / Dance, "It's Today" from Mame | |||
| 1971 | Deborah Duff | Kansas City | 19 | Miss Kansas City | Modern Jazz Dance, "Big Noise from Winnetka" | |||
| 1970 | Marcia Mossbarger | Brookfield | 22 | Miss Brookfield | Tap Dance, "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" | |||
| 1969 | Frances Biesemeyer | New Franklin | 18 | Miss Fayette | Art Presentation, "Talk to the Animals" | Non-finalist Talent Award | ||
| 1968 | Kathleen Goff | DeSoto | 21 | Miss Southwest Missouri State College | Vocal, "I'm Gonna Live til I Die" | |||
| 1967 | Ronnee Brunk | St. Louis | 19 | Miss Camdenton | Vocal, "I Feel a Song Coming On" | |||
| 1966 | Janice Robinson | Marshfield | 20 | Miss Southwest Missouri State College | Skit with Piano, Vocal, & Dance, "Calling Billy Names" | |||
| 1965 | Lesley Fleenor | Springfield | 20 | Miss West Plains | Vocal, "Hard Hearted Hannah" | |||
| 1964 | Carol Browning | Lee's Summit | 20 | Miss Lee's Summit | Marimba & Accordion Medley | |||
| 1963 | Judith Engelhardt | Affton | Miss St. Charles | Classical Vocal, "The Jewel Song" from Faust | ||||
| 1962 | Sandra Lyle | Springfield | 19 | Miss Springfield | Dramatic Reading, "The Potion Scene" from Romeo & Juliet | |||
| 1961 | Sarah Burns | Caruthersville | 20 | Miss Caruthersville | Vocal / Dance, "Put on a Happy Face" from Bye Bye Birdie | |||
| 1960 | Dusene Vunovich | Kansas City | 19 | Miss Kansas City | Vocal, "Honey Bun" from South Pacific | |||
| 1959 | Linda Long | Independence | 19 | Miss Independence | Dramatic Reading from The White Cliffs of Dover | |||
| 1958 | Marjorie Critten[27] | Kansas City | Miss Kansas City | Tap Dance, "Opus No. 1" | ||||
| 1957 | Sara Cooper | Buckner | Miss Kansas City | Charleston Dance | Top 10 | Preliminary Talent Award | Daughter of Major League Baseball player, Walker Cooper[citation needed] | |
| 1956 | Roseann Teri | St. Louis | Miss St. Louis | Dress Design | ||||
| 1955 | Sharon Knickmeyer | Synchronized Swimming | Non-finalist Talent Award | |||||
| 1954 | Carole Jean Wilkinson | Maplewood | 18 | Miss Maplewood | Vocal | |||
| 1953 | Laura Holmes | Northwoods | Miss Northwoods | Dance | ||||
| 1952 | Florence Spack | Clayton | Miss Clayton | Vocal | ||||
| 1951 | Carol Romann | St. Charles | Miss St. Charles | Bassoon | ||||
| 1950 | Beverly Rotroff | Kansas City | Miss Kansas City | Vocal / Piano | ||||
| 1949 | Mary Stone | Jefferson City | Miss Jefferson City | |||||
| 1948 | Dorothy Smith | Kansas City | Miss Kansas City | |||||
| 1947 | Mary Jean Burke | Vocal, "I'm a Big Girl Now" | ||||||
| 1946 | Nadine LaVerne Fugett | Competed under local title at Miss America pageant | ||||||
| 1945 | Betty Ream | Hughesville | Miss Hughesville | |||||
| 1944 | No Missouri representative at Miss America pageant[28] | |||||||
| 1943 | Emma Jean Adams | St. Louis | Miss St. Louis | Competed under local title at Miss America pageant | ||||
| 1942 | No Missouri representative at Miss America pageant[29] | |||||||
| 1941 | Leila Bell Wright[30] | Kansas City | Miss Kansas City | Multiple Missouri representatives Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant | ||||
| Geraldine Koehler | St. Louis | Miss Missouri | ||||||
| 1940 | Gloria Kathleen Gipson | Kansas City | Miss Kansas City | Multiple Missouri representatives Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant | ||||
| Virginia Morrison | St. Louis | Miss Missouri | Top 15 | |||||
| LaFern Mueller | St. Louis | Miss St. Louis | ||||||
| 1939 | Margaret Ley | |||||||
| 1938 | No Missouri representative at Miss America pageant[31] | |||||||
| 1937 | Mary Sue Klein | Moberly | Miss Moberly | Multiple Missouri representatives Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant | ||||
| Wauneta Bates | St. Louis | Miss St. Louis | Top 16 | |||||
| 1936 | Margaret Price | Lexington | Miss Lexington | |||||
| 1935 | Edna Smith | Fayette | 19 | Miss Fayette | Piano / Vocal, "Prelude No. 20 by Chopin" & "When Day Is Done" | 1st runner-up | Edna Smith Glenn died at age 90 on June 10, 2007. | |
| 1934 | No national pageant was held[32] | |||||||
| 1933 | Marie LaTourette Marks | St. Louis | 16 | N/A[33] | Top 18 | |||
| 1932 | No national pageants were held[32] | |||||||
| 1931 | ||||||||
| 1930 | ||||||||
| 1929 | ||||||||
| 1928 | ||||||||
| 1927 | Marion Kenser | Miss Kansas City | N/A[33] | Multiple Missouri representatives Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant | ||||
| Katherine Calloway | Miss Missouri | |||||||
| 1926 | Marguerite Jordan | Miss Kansas City | Top 15 | Multiple Missouri representatives Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant | ||||
| Ruby Wallace | Miss Missouri | |||||||
| Corinne Groves | Miss St. Louis | Top 15 | ||||||
| 1925 | Eileen Wenzel | Miss St. Louis | Competed under local title at Miss America pageant | |||||
| 1924 | Helen Moore | |||||||
| 1923 | Charlotte Nash[34] | St. Louis | 17 | Miss St. Louis | 3rd runner-up[35] | Roller Chair Parade Grand Prize[36] | Competed under local title at national pageant Married millionaire and theatre magnate, Fred Nixon-Nirdlinger, twice[37][38] Shot and killed Nixon-Nirdlinger in March 1931 in Nice, France[37][39] Was acquitted after successfully arguing act was in self-defense[40][41] | |
| 1922 | Miriam Chafee[42] | Kansas City | Miss Kansas City | Multiple Missouri representatives Contestants competed under local title at national pageant | ||||
| Mildred Hose[43] | St. Louis | Miss St. Louis | ||||||
| 1921 | No Missouri representative at Miss America pageant[44] | |||||||
References
- ^ Ramesh, Sruthidate=June 18, 2023 (17 June 2023). "St. Louis woman wins Miss Missouri competition". KOMU. Retrieved June 18, 2023.
- ^ Barczykowski, Hannah (21 June 2021). "New Miss Missouri, an MU senior, wants to spotlight people with disabilities". Columbia Missourian. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
- ^ Meyer, Lida (May 8, 2020). "Miss Missouri Pageant postponed a second time". Columbia Missourian. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
- ^ Dunlap, Charles (June 16, 2019). "University of Missouri student wins Miss Missouri pageant". Columbia Tribune
- ^ Seemayer, Zach (December 19, 2019). "Miss Virginia Camille Schrier Crowned New Miss America 2020!". ET Tonight
- ^ Zambito, Pete & Meisenbach, Rebecca (December 18, 2019). "Simone Esters wins $5,000 scholarship in Miss America competition". Missourian
- ^ "Mentoring Program For Girls: Writeous Girls, Inc.". Writeous Girls, Inc.. Retrieved 2019-12-25.
- ^ Sabatke, Sarah (June 17, 2018). "Katelyn Lewis crowned 2018 Miss Missouri". Columbia Daily Tribune
- ^ "New Miss Missouri crowned". Missouri Net. June 19, 2017.
- ^ Fike, Brenda (June 19, 2017). "Jennifer Davis crowned Miss Missouri 2017". The Mexico Ledger
- ^ Nelson, Alisa (September 11, 2017). "Miss Missouri is 2018 Miss America runner-up". Missouri Net.
- ^ Fike, Brenda (June 19, 2017). "Jennifer Davis crowned Miss Missouri 2017". The Mexico Ledger - Mexico, MO. The Mexican Ledger.
- ^ Shepherd, Ken (September 6, 2016). "Erin O'Flaherty hoping to become first openly lesbian Miss America". The Washington Times
- ^ Stortz Ripley, Catherine (June 15, 2015). "Miss Missouri McKENSIE GARBER". Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune. Chillicothe, MO: GateHouse Media
- ^ Sokolowski, Doug (September 14, 2014). "Miss Missouri Ready For Miss America". KSIS Radio.
- ^ Rives, Ma (October 8, 2011). "United States is crowned at Orihuela Miss Intercontinental 2011". Información
- ^ "Columbia native Shelby Ringdahl wins Miss Missouri pageant". Columbia Missourian. June 10, 2013.
- ^ "Springfield woman wins Miss Missouri crown". Springfield News-Leader. June 12, 2012. Archived from the original on January 29, 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
- ^ "El Dorado Springs Woman Named Miss Missouri 2011". KSPR 33. June 11, 2011. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011.
- ^ Duplantier, Wes (June 14, 2010). "Erika Hebron crowned Miss Missouri 2010". Mexico Ledger. Archived from the original on June 22, 2010.
- ^ "St. Charles Native Wins Miss Missouri Title". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. June 9, 2009.
- ^ Redeffer, Linda (2004-04-14). "On her way to Miss USA, beauty queen won in Jackson". The Southeast Missourian. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
- ^ "Miss Missouri crowned Miss USA 2004: Shandi Finnessey, 25, will represent America in Miss Universe pageant". USA Today. April 13, 2004.
- ^ "Miss Australia Crowned New Miss Universe". Fox News Channel. June 2, 2004.
- ^ "State Finally Finds a New Miss Missouri". The Southeast Missourian. September 29, 1989.
- ^ "Miss America 1990 Debbye Turner: A Profile of Success". Pageantry Magazine. 1989-09-16.
- ^ "Parade of States". Pageant Almanac. Archived from the original on October 15, 2006.
- ^ "1944 Candidates". Miss America
- ^ "1942 Candidates". Miss America
- ^ "Miss Delaware to Give Atlantic City Beauties Run for U. S. Honors". Wilmington, Delaware: The Morning News. September 4, 1941.
- ^ "1938 Candidates". Miss America
- ^ "Miss America Timeline: 1901–1950". PBS. Archived 2017-02-15 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2019-10-13.
- ^ Schnitzspahn, Karen (September 8, 1997). "There She Was – Miss Long Branch". Asbury Park Press. p. 4. – via Newspapers.com
...talent contest that was established in 1935.
- ^ "Miss St. Louis First in Atlantic City Beauty Trials". The Pittsburgh Post. September 6, 1923. p. 2.
- ^ "Columbus Girl Wins for Second Time Title of Miss America". The Boston Globe. September 8, 1923. p. 2. – via Newspapers.com
...Miss Charlotte Nash of St Louis and Miss Marian Green of Philadelphia were the runners up, in the order named.
- ^ "Columbus, O. Girl Again Wins Title of "Miss America"". The Pittsburgh Press. September 8, 1923. p. 5. – via Newspapers.com
- ^ "Beauty Contest Girl Held as Husband Shot to Death". The San Bernardino County Sun. March 13, 1931. p. 1. – via Newspapers.com
- ^ "Charlotte Nash". The St. Louis Star and Times. May 19, 1926. p. 3. – via Newspapers.com
- ^ "Mrs. Nixon-Nirdlinger Goes on Trial Today". The New York Times. May 20, 1931. p. 13.
- ^ "First Intimate Details of Her Romance With the Theatrical Magnate". The St. Louis Star and Times. July 7, 1931. p. 3. – via Newspapers.com
...acquitted in Nice, France of the murder of her husband.
- ^ "Takes Jury Ten Minutes to Acquit US Beauty". The Central New Jersey Home News. May 20, 1913.
- ^ "Reporter, Dazzled by Beauty of Six Pageant Entrants - Sees Hard Job Ahead for Judges". The Indianapolis Times. September 5, 1922. p. 1.
- ^ "Miss Mildred Hose Wins Beauty Contest Here". The St. Louis Star and Times. August 30, 1922. p. 11. – via Newspapers.com
- ^ "1921 Candidates". Miss America