| Period | Pliensbachian |
|---|---|
| Age | Hettangian-Toarcian, |
| Prilithology | Mudstone |
| Otherlithology | Sandstone |
| Unitof | Ziliujing Group (sometimes synonymous) |
| Subunits | Qijiang Member, Zhenzhuchong Member (sometimes placed as a different formation), Dongyuemiao Member, Maanshan Member, Daanzhai Member |
| Underlies | Xintiangou Formation |
| Overlies | Zhenzhuchong Formation (Can be considered a member) |
| Thickness | Dongyuemiao M. 5 to 11.2 m ft -1, Maanshan M. 131 to 180 m ft -1 Daanzhai M. 18 to 45.2 m ft -1 |
| Coordinates | 29.4°N 104.0°E |
| Region | Sichuan |
| Country | China |
| Extent | Sichuan Basin |
| Namedfor | Ziliujing District |
The Ziliujing Formation (Or Ziliujing Group if the Zhenzhuchong Formation is considered different) is a geological formation in China, It is Early Jurassic in age. It is part of the stratigraphy of the Sichuan Basin. The dinosaur Gongxianosaurus and indeterminate theropod material are known from the Dongyuemiao Member of the formation, as well as dinosaur footprints, Zizhongosaurus and indeterminate prosauropods from the Da'anzhai Member.[1] The basal sauropod Sanpasaurus is known from the Maanshan Member.[2] The basal ornithschian Archaeocursor is known from the formation.[3] A possible unnamed stegosaur and the pliosauroid plesiosaur Sinopliosaurus are also known from this formation but they were found an indeterminate member.[2] An unnamed teleosaurid known from a complete skull has also been found in the formation, pending a formal description.[4] The deposition environment during the Da'anzhai Member in the lower Toarcian is thought to have been that of a giant freshwater lake encompassing the whole of the Sichuan basin, around 3 times larger than Lake Superior, coeval with the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event around 183 Ma.[5] The Sinemurian-Pliensbachian boundary event (192.9 Ma) has been recorded on the top of the Dongyuemiao Member, while lower parts of this member are of Earliest Sinemurian age (around 199 Ma).[6][7]
Paleofauna
Bivalves
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acuneopsis[8][9] |
|
|
| Isolated Shells | A freshwater mussel, considered a member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. Ecological indicator of shallow zone of the big fresh-water lake under a hot climate | |
| Apseudocardinia[8][9] |
|
|
| Isolated Shells | A freshwater clam, member of the family Pseudocardiniidae inside Trigoniida. | |
| Cuneopsis[8][9] |
|
|
| Isolated Shells | A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. | |
| Eolamprotula[8][9] |
|
|
| Isolated Shells | A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. | |
| Luochengella[8][9] |
|
|
| Isolated Shells | A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. | |
| Modiolus[8][9] |
|
|
| Isolated Shells | A freshwater mussel, member of the family Mytilidae inside Mytiloida. | |
| Palaeunio[8][9] |
|
|
| Isolated Shells | A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. | |
| Palaeomargaritifera[8][9] |
|
|
| Isolated Shells | A freshwater mussel, member of the family Margaritiferidae inside Unionida. | |
| Pseudocardinia[8][9] |
|
|
| Isolated Shells | A freshwater clam, member of the family Pseudocardiniidae inside Trigoniida. | |
| Psilunio[8][9] |
|
|
| Isolated Shells | A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae inside Unionida. |
Gastropods
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lioplacodes[7] |
|
|
|
| A freshwater snail, member of the family Viviparidae |
Phyllopods
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euestheria[10] |
|
|
|
| A clam shrimp ("conchostracan"), member of the family Lioestheriinae. | |
| Iliestheria[10] |
|
|
|
| A clam shrimp ("conchostracan"), member of the family Triglyptidae. | |
| Lioestheria[10] |
|
|
|
| A clam shrimp ("conchostracan"), member of the family Lioestheriinae. | |
| Loxomegaglypta[10] |
|
|
|
| A clam shrimp ("conchostracan"), member of the family Triglyptidae. | |
| Loxomicroglypta[10] |
|
|
|
| A clam shrimp ("conchostracan"), member of the family Triglyptidae. | |
| Ovjurium[10] |
|
|
|
| A clam shrimp ("conchostracan"), member of the family Ovjuridae. | |
| Palaeolimnadia[10] |
|
|
|
| A clam shrimp ("conchostracan"), member of the family Limnadiidae. The species Palaeolimnadia baitianbaensis represent the main member of its own fauna section, that comprises other 52 species of Phyllopods | |
| Pseudolimnadia[10] |
|
|
|
| A clam shrimp ("conchostracan"), member of the family Limnadiidae. | |
| Pseudestheria[10] |
|
|
|
| A clam shrimp ("conchostracan"), member of the family Lioestheriinae. |
Fish
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceratodontiformes[7] | Indeteminate |
|
| Partial and semicomplete specimens: SSGT TXH132, SSGT THS2716. | Incertade Sedis | |
| Ceratodus[2] | C. szechuanensis |
|
|
| A Lungfish of the family Ceratodontidae. | |
| Ginglymodi[7] | Indeteminate |
|
| Several complete specimens: SSGT JK062, SSGT L01-HY892, SSGT JK004 | Incertade Sedis | |
| Hybodontiformes[7] | Indeteminate |
|
|
| Incertade Sedis | |
| Lepidotes[11] |
|
|
|
| A member of the family Lepidotidae. | |
| Ptycholepiformes[7] | Indeteminate |
|
| Complete specimen, SSGT JK029 | Incertade Sedis | |
| Sinoceratodus[12] |
|
|
| SSGT L01-HY-661, SSGT L01-HY-855, THS2715 | A Lungfish of the group Ceratodontoidei. | |
| Teleostei[7] | Indeteminate |
|
| Complete specimens, SSGT L01-HY269-2, SSGT L01-HY749, SSGT JXL1062 | Incertade Sedis |
Plesiosaurs
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bishanopliosaurus[7][13] |
|
|
|
| A plesiosaur, considered a member of the family Rhomaleosauridae. An unusual freshwater plesiosaur linked to the large Sichuan Lake system developed locally.[14] | |
| Sinopliosaurus[2] |
|
|
|
| A plesiosaur, considered a member of the family Pliosauridae. Likely an invalid genus of freshwater pliosaur |
Testudinata
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chelonipus[15] |
|
|
| Footprints | Potentially the largest turtle tracks currently known from China and an example of one of the earliest known globally | |
| Testudinata[2][11][16] |
|
|
|
| Turtle remains of uncertain affinity. The only major turtle remains recovered in this unit. This along some undescribed shell fragments from the Lower Jurassic of Sichuan appear to represent the first documented occurrence of the fossil Testudines in China |
Crocodylomorphs
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Teleosaurinae[4] |
|
|
|
| A teleosaur, considered a member of the family Teleosaurinae. An unusual freshwater teleosauroid, previously referred Peipehsuchus teleorhinus.[17] | |
| Teleosaurus?[18] | T.? sp. |
|
|
| A teleosaur, considered a member of the family Teleosaurinae. |
Dinosaurs
Ornithischians
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anomoepus[19] |
|
|
| Footprints | Ornithischian footprints | |
| Archaeocursor[7][3] |
|
|
| Nearly complete left femur, SSGT L01-HY999 | An early ornithischian | |
| Ornithopoda[21] | Indeterminate |
|
|
| Incertade Sedis | |
| Thyreophora?[2] |
|
|
|
| "Gen. indet. imperfectus" represents a large possible ornithischian or a sauropod that was originally assigned to Sanpasaurus. |
Sauropodomorphs
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brontopodus[1][22] |
|
|
| Footprints | Sauropod footprints which resemble the pes of some mamenchisaurids. Associated Brontopodus-like trackway with Liujianpus indicates that small and large sauropodomorphs may have co-existed. | |
| Cetiosauridae[21] | Indeterminate |
|
|
| Incertade Sedis | |
| Gongxianosaurus[23][24] |
|
|
|
| A sauropod that may represent a late-surviving basal member of the group. | |
| "Gyposaurus"[25] |
|
|
|
| Incertade Sedis | |
| Lufengosaurus?[25][26] |
|
|
|
| A sauropodomorph of the family Massospondylidae. | |
| Liujianpus[22] |
|
| Footprints | This ichnogenus dominates all the track assemblages where it is found, with a presence of up the 97%.[27] | ||
| Mamenchisauridae[2][25][28] | Indeterminate |
|
|
| Incertade Sedis | |
| Parabrontopodus[1] |
|
| Footprints | Sauropod footprints. The narrow-gauge trackway pattern resembles Parabrontopodus, well known from the Jurassic, but other features, such as the low heteropody, are different. | ||
| Plateosauridae[25] | Indeterminate |
|
|
| Incertade Sedis | |
| Qianlong[29] |
|
|
|
| A sauropodomorph; the associated clutch provides strong evidence for the earliest known leathery eggs. | |
| Sanpasaurus[2] |
|
|
|
| A sauropod with uncertain affinities inside the group. Originally interpreted it as the remains of an ornithopod ornithischian.[30] | |
| "Shunosaurus"[11] |
|
|
|
| A sauropod, referred to the family Shunosaurinae. Likely not Shunosaurus. It was described in the Zigong Museum Guide | |
| "Yibinosaurus"[31] |
|
|
|
| "Yibinosaurus" is from the same locality as Gongxianosaurus and may be the same as Gongxianosaurus sp. nov. | |
| Zizhongosaurus[21] |
|
|
|
| A sauropod, referred to the family Vulcanodontidae or Shunosaurinae. It builds its own faunal section, yet some authors view it as a nomen dubium. |
Theropods
Didactyl tracks, that are interpreted as either artifact of preservation or Dromaeosauridae convergent, are found at Wucha Village.[20]
| Genus | Species | Location | Section | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elaphrosaurinae?[2] | Indeterminate |
|
|
| Resemblance to the genus Elaphrosaurus, initially thought to be a member of Coeluridae.[2] | |
| Eubrontes[33] |
|
|
| Footprints | Theropod footprints of uncertain affinity, probably related to theropods such as Dilophosaurus | |
| Grallator[1][36][37] |
|
| Footprints | Theropod footprints of uncertain affinity. Includes some of the smallest Grallator (and avian theropod) tracks ever described in the literature.[38] | ||
| Neotheropoda[23] | Indeterminate |
|
|
| Incertade Sedis | |
| Sinosaurus[25] |
|
|
|
| An Averostriform theropod |
Flora
| Genus | Species | Location | Stratigraphic position | Material | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anomozamites[39][40] |
| Yangtze Gorges area |
|
| Affinities with the Bennettitales inside Bennettitopsida. | |
| Baiera[7][41] |
|
|
|
| Affinities with Karkeniaceae inside Ginkgoales. | |
| Cladophlebis[39][40] |
| Yangtze Gorges area |
|
| Affinities with Osmundaceae inside Osmundales. | |
| Clathropteris[39][40] |
| Yangtze Gorges area |
|
| Affinities with Dipteridaceae inside Polypodiales. | |
| Coniopteris[39][40] |
| Yangtze Gorges area |
|
| Affinities with Dicksoniaceae inside Cyatheales. | |
| Cycadites[39][40] |
| Yangtze Gorges area |
|
| Affinities with Cycadales inside Cycadopsida. | |
| Dictyophyllum[39][40] |
| Yangtze Gorges area |
|
| Affinities with Dipteridaceae inside Polypodiales. | |
| Equisetites[7][42][39][40] |
|
|
|
| Affinities with Equisetaceae inside Equisetales. | |
| Ferganiella[39] |
| Yangtze Gorges area |
|
| Affinities with Krassiloviaceae inside Voltziales. | |
| Ginkgoites[41] |
| Badong-Lichuan |
|
| Affinities with Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoales. | |
| Klukia[39][40] |
| Yangtze Gorges area |
|
| Affinities with Schizaeaceae inside Schizaeales. Grass Ferns | |
| Nilssonia[7][40] |
| Yuzhou Biota |
|
| Affinities with Nilssoniales within Cycadophyta or Bennettitales. | |
| Otozamites[39][40] |
| Yangtze Gorges area |
|
| Affinities with Williamsoniaceae inside Bennettitales. | |
| Phlebopteris[39][40] |
| Yangtze Gorges area |
|
| Affinities with Matoniaceae inside Gleicheniales. | |
| Podozamites[41] |
| Badong-Lichuan |
|
| Affinities with Krassiloviaceae inside Voltziales. | |
| Stachypteris[39][40] |
| Yangtze Gorges area |
|
| Affinities with Schizaeaceae inside Schizaeales. |
See also
- Blue Lias, England
- Charmouth Mudstone Formation, England
- Jurensismergel Formation, Germany
- Posidonia Shale, Germany
- Sorthat Formation, Denmark
- Hasle Formation, Denmark
- Zagaje Formation, Poland
- Drzewica Formation, Poland
- Ciechocinek Formation, Poland
- Borucice Formation, Poland
- Rotzo Formation, Italy
- Saltrio Formation, Italy
- Moltrasio Formation, Italy
- Marne di Monte Serrone, Italy
- Calcare di Sogno, Italy
- Podpeč Limestone, Slovenia
- Coimbra Formation, Portugal
- El Pedregal Formation, Spain
- Fernie Formation, Canada
- Whiteaves Formation, British Columbia
- Navajo Sandstone, Utah
- Yanan Formation, China
- Aganane Formation, Morocco
- Tafraout Group, Morocco
- Azilal Formation, Morocco
- Budoš Limestone, Montenegro
- Kota Formation, India
- Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Argentina
- Los Molles Formation, Argentina
- Kandreho Formation, Madagascar
- Elliot Formation, South Africa
- Clarens Formation, South Africa
- Evergreen Formation, Australia
- Cattamarra Coal Measures, Australia
- Hanson Formation, Antarctica
- Mawson Formation, Antarctica
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