| Unit name | X Corps |
|---|---|
| Dates | 1807 1812–1813 |
| Country | First French Empire |
| Size | Corps |
| Command structure | Grande Armée |
| Battles | |
| Notable commanders |
The X Corps of the Grande Armée (Grand Army) was a French military formation during the Napoleonic Wars. It was formed in 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition under Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre and was later reconstituted for the French invasion of Russia under Marshal Jacques-Étienne Macdonald.
During the 1812 campaign against the Russian Empire, the X Corps included a Prussian contingent. In December of 1812, following the Convention of Tauroggen, this contingent defected, which reduced the corps' strength.[1] The corps' Prussian troops subsequently formed the nucleus of the reconstituted Prussian Army in 1813.[2]
Campaigns
French Invasion of Russia
Under Macdonald's command, the X Corps was tasked with securing the northern flank by advancing into Courland and besieging Riga. The corps crossed the Neman River on 24 June 1812, but did not capture the city during the campaign.[3][4]
German Campaign of 1813
After the retreat from Russia, the X Corps moved to defend Danzig under General Jean Rapp, while dealing with logistics issues and disease. The Siege of Danzig lasted from January 1813 to January 1814 and resulted in the surrender of the French garrison.[citation needed]
Order of battle
Russia, 1812
| Corps Commander | Chief of Staff | Chief, Artillery | Chief, Engineers | Aides-de-Camp |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshal Étienne Macdonald | Adjutant Commander Jacques Terrier | Division General Albert Taviel |
|
|
7th Division
| Commander | Chief of Staff | Chief, Artillery | Adjutant | Chief, Engineers | Inspecteur aux revues | Aide de Camp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division General Charles Grandjean | Plk. Jozef Nowicki | CdB Farjon | Capt. Louis Chapuis | Capt., 1st Class Roger-P-M-A de Riencourt | Sr. Inspecteur aux revue Reybaud (Rayband) |
| 1st Brigade | |||||||
| 5th Polish Line Regt | Commander: Plk. Stefan Oskierko | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 3rd Battalion | 4th Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||
| CdB Ludwik Kaminski | CdB Jan Godlewski | CdB Feliks Stokowski | Not present | Kapt. Ignacy Kulesza | |||
| 13th Bavarian Line Regt | Commander: Oberst Franz Baron Schlossberg | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 1st Section, 2nd Bavarian | |||||
| Maj. Caspar Poyk (Poeck) | Maj. Franz von Pillement | Untilt. Alois Escher(t) II | |||||
| 2nd Brigade | |||||||
| 10th Polish Line Regt | Commander: Polkovnik Henryk Kamienski | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 3rd Battalion | 4th Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||
| CdB Jan Krassin (Crassin, Krassyn) | CdB Franciszek Czyzewski | CdB Nicolas Joseph Daine | Not present | Kapt. Leneke | |||
| 3rd Brigade | Commander: Général de Brigade Gilbert Bachelu | ||||||
| 11th Polish Line Regt | Commander: Polkovnik Aleksander Chlebowski | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 3rd Battalion | 4th Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||
| CdB Piotr Szembeck | CdB Kazimierz Poniatowski | CdB Karol Jon(n)emann | Not present | Kapt. Ostrowski | |||
| 1st Westphalian Line Regiment | Commander: Colonel Georg Ferdinand Plesmann | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||||
| CdB Johann Philipp Bauer | Capt. David von Kruse (later CdB) | Kapt. von Haustein | |||||
| Division (Prussian) Cavalry (detached from 27th Division) | Commander: Oberst Karl F. von Hunerbein | ||||||
| 1st Prussian Combined Hussar Regt | Regiment Commander: Major Dietrich C. G. von Cosel | ||||||
| 1st Leib Hussar Regt | 2nd Leib Hussar Regt | ||||||
| 3rd Squadron | 4th Squadron | 2nd Squadron | 3rd Squadron | ||||
| Rittm. Karl Leopold F. Dallmer | Rittm. Meyer | Maj. von Kurnatowsky | Rittm. Karl L. Zastrow | ||||
| Division Artillery and Engineers | Commander: Unknown | ||||||
| 6th Polish Foot Company | 1st Polish Horse Company | Polish Garde d'Artie | 4th Polish Sapper Company | ||||
| Kapt. Turdeski | Kapt. Wladyslaw Ostrowski | Detachment | Kapt. Jozef Dobrzyński | ||||
| Division Train | Commander: Unknown | ||||||
| 12th Battalion (in German) | 6th Train Company | ||||||
| Unknown | S.-lieutenant Benoist (?) | ||||||
27th (Prussian) Infantry Division
| Corps | Commander | 2nd in Command | Chief of Staff | Quartermaster | Chief Engineer | Adjutants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prussian Mobile Corps | General d. Inf. Julius von Grawert | GenLt Ludwig Yorck | Obst. Friedrich E. von Roeder | Obstlt. Johann F. K. von Lossau (Genstab.) | Maj. Markoff |
|
| Prussian Infantry | GenMjr Friedrich Graf Kleist von Nollendorf | - | Maj. Ernst von Perbandt (Genstab.) | - | - | |
| Prussian Cavalry | GenLt Friedrich von Massenbach | - | - | - | - |
| Brigades | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Brigade | |||||
| Inftantry Regt Nr. 1 | |||||
| 1st East Prussian Infantry Regt | 2nd East Prussian Infantry Regt | ||||
| Fusilier Battalion | II Battalion | I Battalion | |||
| Maj. Christoph J. H. von Erammon | Maj. Carl von Kurnatowsky | Maj. Ludwig von Krauthof | |||
| Inftantry Regt Nr. 2 | Commander, 3rd East Prussian Infantry Regt: Major Ludwig F. von Sjoholm II | ||||
| 3rd East Prussian Infantry Regt | 4th East Prussian Infantry Regt | ||||
| I Battalion | Fusilier Battalion | I Battalion | |||
| Maj. Karl R. W. von Beckedorff | Maj. Johann F. von Pfeiffer | Maj. Julius von Lübtow | |||
Unknown | |||||
| Fusilier Battalion | |||||
Unknown | |||||
| 2nd East Prussian Regt | |||||
| Fusilier Battalion | |||||
| Maj. Friedrich W. von Funck | |||||
| 2nd Brigade | |||||
Commander: Oberstleutnant Heinrich Wilhelm von Horn Adjutant: Stabskapitän August Wilhelm Graf von Kanitz | |||||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 3 | Commander, Colbergisches Infantry Regt: Major Karl F. F. von Steinmetz | ||||
| Colbergisches Infantry Regt | 1st Pomeranian Infantry Regt | ||||
| I Battalion | Fusilier Battalion | II Battalion | |||
| Maj. Friedrich W. von Quednow | Maj. August Ferdinand von Borcke | Maj. Carl Ludwig Frhr. von Linsingen | |||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 4 | Commander: Major Ernst Ludwig von Tippelskirch | ||||
| Leib-Grenadier-Regt | |||||
| Fusilier Battalion | I Battalion | II Battalion | |||
| Maj. August Heinrich von Reuss | colspan=2 | Maj. Julius Gustav Friedrich von Both | ||||
| 3rd Brigade | |||||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 5 | Commander: Major Ludwig D. K. von Schmalensee | ||||
| 1st West Prussian Infantry Regt | 2nd West Prussian Infantry Regt | ||||
| I Battalion | Fusilier Battalion | I Battalion | |||
| Maj. von Imbrecht | colspan=2 |Maj. Friedrich E. von Loebell | ||||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 6 | Commander: Major Arwed K. von Carnall | ||||
| 1st Schlesisches Inft. Regt | 2nd Schlesisches Inft. Regt | ||||
| Maj. von Happe | Maj. Karl G. S. von Lessel | Maj. Karl Heinrich von Ziemietzi | |||
| East Prussian Jäger Battalion | 1st Battery, Prussian Army | ||||
| Maj. Vollmar K. F. von Clausewitz | Uffz. Staffehl (one 3-lbr) | ||||
| 1st Cavalry Brigade | Commander: Oberst Wilhelm Jeannert | ||||
| 1st Combined Dragoon Regt | Commander: Major Karl Alexander Wilhelm von Treskow | ||||
| 1st Lithuanian Dragoon Regt | 2nd West Prussian Dragoon Regt | ||||
| 2nd Squadron | 4th Squadron | 1st Squadron | 2nd Squadron | ||
| Maj. von Kameke | Sgt. Rittm. Dresler | Maj. von Manstein | Maj. Friedrich Frhr. von Stiern | ||
| 2nd West Prussian Dragoon Regt | Commander: Major Ernst T. von Eicke | ||||
| 2nd West Prussian Combined Dragoon Regt | |||||
| 1st West Prussian Dragoon Regt | |||||
| 1st Squadron | 3rd Squadron | ||||
| Rittm. Karl Weiss | Rittm. Ernst L. B. von Printz | ||||
| 3rd Combined Hussar Regt | Commander: Major Ernst T. von Eicke | ||||
| 1st Schles. Hussar Regt | 2nd Schles. Hussar Regt | ||||
| 1st Squadron | 3rd Squadron | 1st Squadron | 2nd Squadron | ||
| Sgt. Rittm. Friedrich A. Kehler | Sgt. Rittm. Muller | Maj. Johann H. von Schill | |||
(Prussian) Corps Artillery
| Brigades | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Commander: Major Johann H. von Schmidt | |||||
| Foot Artillery | Commander: Major Johann Friedrich Wilhelm von Fiebig | ||||
| Foot Battery No. 1 (6-pdr) | Foot Battery No. 2 (6-pdr) | Foot Battery No. 3 (6-pdr) | Foot Battery No. 4 (6-pdr) | Half Battery (12-pdr) | |
| Pr.-Kapit. Huet | Stabs-Kapit. Wegner | Stabs-Kapit. Ziegler | Pr.-Kapit. Ludwig | Pr.-Kapit. von Roszynski | |
| Horse Artillery | Major Gustav von Fiebig II | ||||
| 1st Horse Battery | 2nd Horse Battery | 3rd Horse Battery | |||
| Stabs-Kapit. Johann K. L. von Zincken | Pr.-Kapit. Georg W. von Rentzell | Pr.-Kapit. von Graumann | |||
| Artillery Park | Unknown | ||||
| Park (Munitions) columns | |||||
| No. 1 | No. 2 | No. 3 | No. 4 | No. 5 | |
| Sec.-Lt. Schliew | Sec.-Lt. Herrmann | Prem.-Lt. Barenkampff | Pr.-Kapit. Meyer (4th Foot Co., Prussian Brigade) | Sec.-Lt. von Hertig I (8th Foot Co., Brand. Brig.) | |
| Bridging Column | |||||
| Handwerk Columns | Commander, 2nd Foot Battery: Seconde-Lieutenant Lieben | ||||
| No. 1 | No. 2 | ||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||
Corps Train
| Miners | ||||
Unknown | ||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | |||
| 3rd Company | 5th Company | 1st Company | ||
| Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||
| Sappers | ||||
Unknown | ||||
| 1st Battalion | Sapeurs de I'ile d'Elbe | Prussian Sappers | ||
| 1st Company | 2nd Company | Marine Bataillion d'ouviers de l'Escaut | 17th equipage de flottille | |
| Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown |
References
- ^ Pivka, Otto von (1975). Napoleon's German Allies (1). London: Osprey Publishing. p. 20-27. ISBN 978-0-85045-211-2.
- ^ Smith, Steven (2004). "X Corps Organization". The Napoleon Series. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "Napoleon Affirms Jacques MacDonald as One of His Framed..."
- ^ Nathan D., Jensen. "Marshal Etienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre Macdonald"
Further reading
- Akademja Umiejetnosci, Kraków. Polski Slownik Biograficzny. Kraków, 1935-.
- Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 56 vols. Leipzig, 1875-1912.
- Almanach Royal de Wesphalie. Cassel, 1812-1813.
- Almanach Imperial. 1812-13. Paris, 1812-13.
- Auriol, Charles. "Retraite du 10e Corps de la Grande-Armée de la Dwina sur Dantzig (1812), Documents Inedits". In La Spectateur Militaire. Vol. 42. Paris, 1888. pp. 226–296.
- Baltische Monatsschrift. 1910-1912.
- Beihefte zum Militar-Wochenblatt. Nr. 8-9. Berlin, 1894. pp. 268–298.
- Bogdanovich, Modest I. Istoriia Otechestvennoi voiny 1812 goda. 3 vols. Spb., 1859-60.
- Charbanier, Jean. "La Grande Armée en Lithuanie et en Courland". In Revue Historique de l'Armée. No. 2, 1973. pp. 29–47.
- Chelminski, Jan and A. Malibran. L'Armee du Duché de Varsovie. Paris, 1913.
- Costantini, A. "Le Marechal Macdonald, Chef du 10e Corps Juin 1812 - Janvier 1813". In Revue Historique de l'Armée. No. 2, 1971. pp. 58–78.
- Dziennik dzialan wojennych 7 dywizji (gdanskiej) w 1812 r. Edited by Janusz Staszewskii. In Rocznik Gdanski Vol. 11. Gdańsk, 1937.
- Defense de Dantzig en 1813 : Journal de Siege : Journal Personnel et Notes du General du Division de Campredon Commandant le Genie du Xe Corps : Lettres Diverses / annotés et publiés par Charles Auriol.@ Paris, 1888.
- Droysen. Das Leben des Feldmarschalls Grafen York von Wartenberg. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1913.
- Eckardt. York und Paulucci. Aktenstucke und Beitrage zur Geschichte der Convention von Tauroggen. Leipzig, 1865.
- Fabry, Gabriel Joseph. Campagne de 1812, Documents Relatifs a l'Aile Gauche 20 Août - 4 Decembre. Paris, 1912.
- Fabry, Gabriel Joseph. Campagne de Russie, 1812. 5 vols. Paris, 1900-03.
- Hartwich, Julius von. 1812. Der Feldzug in Kurland. Nach den Tagbuchern und Briefen des Leutnants Julius v. Hartwich zusammengestellt von Rugiger v. Schoeler. Berlin, 1910.
- Gembarzewski, Bronisław. Wojska Polskie, Ksiestwo Warszawskie 1807-1814. Warsaw, 1912.
- Kirkor, Stanisław. Pod Sztandarami Napoleona. London, 1982.
- Kreuzwendedich von der Borne. Geschichte des Infanterie-Regiments Prinz Louis Ferdinand v. Preussen, 2. Magdeburgisches Nr 27 von 1815-1895. Berlin, 1896.
- Lossberg, Friedrich Wilhelm von. Briefe in die Heimat. Cassel, 1844.
- Loza, Stanislaw. Legia Honorowa w Polsce 1803-1923. Zamość, 1923.
- Lunsmann, Fritz. Die Armee des Koniglichs Westfalen 1807-1813. Berlin, 1935.
- Marco de Saint-Hilaire, Emile. Histoire de la Campagne de Russie pendant l'Annee 1812.... 2 vols. Paris, [1846-1848].
- Margueron, Cmdt. Campagne de Russie. 3 vols. in 4. Paris, n.d.
- Martinien, A. Tableaux par corps et par batailles des officiers tues et blesses pedant les guerres de l'Empire (1805–1815). Reprint edition.. Paris, Editions Militaires Europeennes, S.d.
- Nafziger, George et al. Poles and Saxons of the Napoleonic Wars. Chicago, 1991.
- Nekrolog of Georg Plessmann in "Frankfurther patriotisches Wochenblatt ...." Nro. 10, 1817.
- Ostrowski, Ant. Zywot Thomasza Ostrowskiego. vol. 1. Lvov, 1872.
- Otechestvennaia voina 1812 goda. Part I, 21 volumes (in 22); Part II, 1 volume. St.-Petersburg, Tipografia ABerezhlivost, 1900-1914. The first 7 volumes of Part I were translated into French by E. Cazalas and published, at the direction of the Section Historique of the French General Staff, under the title ALa guerre nationale de 1812", beginning in 1902.
- Polotsko-vitebskaia starina. Vitebsk, 1911-1916.
- Poniatowski, Józef. Korespondencja księcia Józefa Poniatowskiego z Francją, 1, 1807-1808, 5 vols. Poznań, 1921.
- Das Preussische Heer der Befreiungskriege. Vol.1. Berlin, 1912. Reprint edition, 1982.
- Priesdorf, Kurt von. Soldatisches Fuhrertum. 10 vols. Hamburg, 1936-45.
- Quintin, Danielle et Bernard. Dictionnaire de Colonels de Napoleon. 1996. S.P.M., Paris.
- Rangliste der Koniglich Bayerischen Armee fur das Jahr 1811. Neudruch der Ausgabe 1811. Osnabrück, 1982.
- Rang- und Quartierliste der Preussischen Armee von 1812. Unveranderter Faksimiledruck mit einer Einleitung von Werner Hahlweg. Osnabrück, 1968.
- Rousset, Camille, editor. Souvenirs du Marechal Macdonald, duc de Tarente. Paris, 1892.
- Schoning, Kurd Wolfgang v. Historisch-biographische Nachrichten zur Geschichte der Brandenburgisch-Preussischen Artillerie. Vol. 3. Berlin, 1845.
- Schubert, Franz and Hans Vara. Geschichte des K. B. 13. Infanterie-Regiments Kaiser Franz Joseph von Osterreich. Vol 1. Munich, 1910.
- Seraphim. Der Feldzeug in Kurland 1812. Riga, 1910.
- Seydlitz. Tagebuch des K. Preussischen Armeecorps im Feldzuge 1812. Berlin, 1823.
- "10e Corps d'Armee - Situation au 20. Juin 1812" in Marshal Davout's archive at the S. H. A. T.
- Six, Georges. Dictionnaire Biographique des Généraux & Admiraux Français de la Revolution et de l'Empire (1792–1814). 2 volumes. Reprint edition. Paris, Georges Saffroy, 1974.
- Stalins, Jean-Luc. Ordre Imperial de la Reunion. Paris, 1958.
- Strotha, von. Die Koniglich Preussische Reitende Artillerie vom Jahre 1759 bis 1816. Berlin, 1861. Reprint edition, Wiesbaden, 1981.
- Staszewski, Janusz. "Dywizja gdanska w walkach nad Dzwina i w obronie Gdanska (1812–13)". In Rocznik Gdanski Vol. 11. Gdańsk, 1933-34.
- Staszewski, Janusz. "Z dziejow garizonu polskiego w Gdansku w latach 1808-1812". In ARocznik Gdanski Vol. 7/8. Gdańsk, 1937.
- "Die Theilnahme des Preussischen Hulfscorps an dem Feldzuge gegen Russland im Jahre 1812". In Kriegsgeschichtliche Einzelschriften Vol. 4, Heft 24. Berlin, 1898. Pp. vii, 433-566, 5 folding maps.
- Voenno-istoricheskii sbornik. Saint Petersburg, 1911-16.
- Voigt, Gunter. Deutschlands Heere bis 1918. Ursprung und Entwicklung der eizelnen Formationen. Vol 1 - Die Garde- und die Grenadier-Regimenter 1-12 der preussoischen Armee. Osnabrück, 1980.
- Wesolowski, Zdzislaw P. The Order of the Virtuti Militari and its Cavaliers 1792-1992 (sic)... Miami, 1992.
- Zych, Gabriel. Armia Księstwa Warszawskiego, 1807-1812. Warsaw, 1961.