"Uncommitted" is a voting option in some United States presidential primaries. This option is listed along with the names of individuals running for the position and is often described as "none of the above".[1] Depending on state and party thresholds, voting uncommitted may allow states to send uncommitted delegates to a party's nominating convention.[2]

Process

In the United States, voting in a presidential primary instructs party delegates who to vote for in the nominating convention. By voting uncommitted, you simply do not give an instruction to your delegates.[3] Under Democratic National Committee rules, uncommitted receives delegates if the option receives more than 15% of the statewide vote or more than 15% of the vote in a congressional district.[4] Under Republican National Committee rules, the local rules of state Republican parties decides how and if uncommitted receives delegates.[5]

Notable campaigns

1984: Hawaii

See also: 1984 United States presidential election in Hawaii#Democratic caucus

After only Walter Mondale and Jesse Jackson made the ballot for the Hawaii Democratic caucus in 1984, Presidential candidate Gary Hart and Hawaii governor George Ariyoshi urged voters to vote uncommitted.[6] Uncommitted ended up winning the caucus with 63.5% of the vote, receiving 14 delegates. Mondale received 32.3% of the vote and 5 delegates. Jackson received 4.2% of the vote.[7]

2008: Michigan

Main article: 2008 Michigan Democratic presidential primary

Federal Democratic Party rules prohibit any state, except for Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada and South Carolina from holding its primary before February 5, or Super Tuesday. In October 2007, the divided Michigan Legislature passed a bill to move the date of the state's presidential primaries to January 15 in an effort to increase the state's influence in the presidential candidate nominating process.[8] On October 9, 2007, following Michigan's breach of DNC rules, Barack Obama, Bill Richardson, Joe Biden, and John Edwards withdrew from the Michigan Democratic Primary ballot.[9] Dennis Kucinich unsuccessfully sought to remove his name from the ballot.[10] Hillary Clinton and Christopher Dodd decided to remain on the ballot.[11]

On December 10, 2007, the Michigan Democratic Party issued a press release stating that the primary would be held on January 15, 2008. The press release also urged supporters of Biden, Edwards, Obama and Richardson to vote "uncommitted" instead of writing in their preferred candidates' names.[12]

In the end, Hillary Clinton received 54.61% of the vote (328,309 votes), uncommitted received 39.61% of the vote (238,168 votes), while other candidates received 5.78% of the vote (34,742 votes).[13]

2024: Michigan, Minnesota, Washington, Massachusetts, Hawaii, Missouri, Rhode Island, New Jersey and Kentucky

See also: Gaza war protest vote movements and Uncommitted National Movement

During the 2024 Michigan Democratic presidential primary, 2024 Minnesota Democratic presidential primary and 2024 Washington Democratic presidential primary, numerous activists and elected officials, including Dearborn Mayor Abdullah Hammoud and House Representative Rashida Tlaib, campaigned for voters to select the uncommitted option in protest of Biden's handling of the Gaza war.[14][15] Some Armenian Americans also suggested voting uncommitted over Biden's actions involving the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh.[16] In Washington, the state's largest labor union, the United Food and Commercial Workers, endorsed uncommitted.[17]

In response, the advocacy group Democratic Majority for Israel ran ads arguing that voting "uncommitted" would weaken Biden and support Donald Trump.[18] Michigan governor Gretchen Whitmer stated that although she acknowledges the "pain" people feel about the war, she still encouraged people to vote for Biden because "any vote that's not cast for Joe Biden supports a second Trump term".[19]

Additionally, in states like Kentucky there were calls to vote Uncommitted not related to the Israel-Hamas War, but instead due to a sentiment amongst more centrist Democrats that Biden had gone too far left with his support for the Build Back Better initiative, something that neighboring Democratic Senator Joe Manchin opposed.[20] In the end, Kentucky received the most Uncommitted votes of any state, obtaining 17.9%, and winning a majority in a number of counties primarily located in the more rural eastern half of the state.[21][22]

Michigan received the second-most, Joe Biden received 81.1% of the vote (618,426 votes), uncommitted received 13.3% of the vote (101,100 votes), while other candidates received 5.7% of the vote (43,171 votes).[23] The uncommitted share exceeded that against Barack Obama in 2012, the most recent prior re-election campaign of a Democratic president (though in 2012 it was a caucus rather than a primary).[24] In Minnesota, uncommitted received an even larger share of the vote, at 18.9%, while Biden was cut short to 70.6%.[25]

Notable results since 2008

The following lists presidential primaries since 2008 where uncommitted received more than 5% of the popular vote:

2008

PrimaryPrimary winnerVotesPercentage of popular voteUncommitted DelegatesReference
Michigan Democratic primaryHillary Clinton238,16839.61%0[26]
U.S. Virgin Islands Republican caucusJohn McCain15347.2%6[27]
Kentucky Republican primary10,7555.44%0[28]
Idaho Republican primary8,3256.63%1[29]

2012

PrimaryPrimary winnerVotesPercentage of popular voteUncommitted DelegatesReference
Michigan Democratic primaryBarack Obama20,83310.69%20[30]
Massachusetts Democratic primary16,07510.87%26[31][32]
Tennessee Democratic primary10,49711.51%9[33]
Alabama Democratic primary45,61315.91%8[34]
Maryland Democratic primary37,70411.55%3[35]
Rhode Island Democratic primary1,13313.98%8[36]
North Carolina Democratic primary200,81020.77%43[37]
Kentucky Democratic primary86,92542.15%34[38]
Montana Democratic primary8,3069.46%7[39]
U.S. Virgin Islands Republican caucusRon Paul13233.85%0[40]
North Carolina Republican primaryMitt Romney50,9285.23%0[41]
Kentucky Republican primary10,3575.88%0[38]
South Dakota Republican primary2,7975.43%0[42]

2016

PrimaryPrimary winnerVotesPercentage of popular voteUncommitted DelegatesReference
U.S. Virgin Islands Republican caucusTed Cruz1,06365.3%1[43]
Northern Mariana Islands Democratic caucusHillary Clinton2211.64%0[44]
Kentucky Democratic primary24,1045.30%0[45]

2020

PrimaryPrimary winnerVotesPercentage of popular voteUncommitted DelegatesReference
Kentucky Democratic primaryJoe Biden58,36410.85%2[46]
Montana Republican primaryDonald Trump13,1846.18%0[47]
New Mexico Republican primary13,8098.75%0[48]
Kentucky Republican primary57,28313.35%0[49]
Connecticut Republican primary12,99414.21%0[50]

2024

PrimaryPrimary winnerVotesPercentage of popular voteUncommitted DelegatesReference
Nevada Republican primaryNikki Haley50,76363.30%0[51]
Kansas Republican primaryDonald Trump4,8865.2%0[52]
Nevada Democratic primaryJoe Biden7,4485.81%0[53]
Michigan Democratic primary101,43613.21%2[54]
Alabama Democratic primary11,2136%0[55]
Colorado Democratic primary43,4398.1%0[56]
Massachusetts Democratic primary58,4629.4%1[57]
Minnesota Democratic primary45,91318.9%11[58]
North Carolina Democratic primary88,02112.7%0[59]
Tennessee Democratic primary10,4647.9%0[60]
Hawaii Democratic caucuses45529.1%7[61]
Democrats Abroad primary1,13613.2%0[62]
Washington Democratic primary89,7539.8%2[63]
Kansas Democratic primary4,28610.3%0[64]
Missouri Democratic primary2,22911.7%3[65]
Connecticut Democratic primary7,49211.5%0[66]
Rhode Island Democratic primary3,73214.9%1[67]
Wisconsin Democratic primary48,1628.3%0[68]
Maryland Democratic primary63,7439.7%0[69]
Kentucky Democratic primary32,90817.9%8[70]
New Jersey Democratic primary43,7588.9%2[71]

Presidential nominating contests with uncommitted options

As of 2024, the following jurisdictions have uncommitted presidential nominating contest voting options:

  • Alabama[72]
  • American Samoa[73]
  • Colorado (Democratic primary only, as Noncommitted Delegate)[74]
  • Democrats Abroad (Democratic primary only)[75]
  • Connecticut[76]
  • Hawaii (Democratic caucuses only)[77]
  • Idaho (Democratic caucuses only)[78]
  • Iowa (Democratic party-run primary only)[79]
  • Kansas (as None of the names shown)[80]
  • Kentucky[81]
  • Maryland[76]
  • Massachusetts (as No Preference)[82]
  • Michigan[76]
  • Minnesota (Democratic primary only)[83]
  • Missouri[84]
  • Montana (as No Preference)[85]
  • Nevada (as None of these candidates)[86]
  • New Jersey (Democratic primary only)[87]
  • New Mexico (as Uncommitted delegate)[88]
  • North Carolina (as No Preference)[76]
  • Rhode Island[89]
  • Tennessee[90]
  • Texas (Republican primary only)[91]
  • U.S. Virgin Islands[76]
  • Washington (Democratic primary only)[92]
  • Wisconsin (as Uninstructed Delegation)[93]
  • Wyoming (as Undeclared)[76]

See also

References

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