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A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Tuesday, September 7, 1858, with a magnitude of 1.0210. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 2.5 days after perigee (on September 4, 1858, at 2:10 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.[1]
The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day Peru, Brazil, and northern Bolivia. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of Central America, the Caribbean, South America, Antarctica, and Southern Africa.
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[2]
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1858 September 07 at 11:34:17.6 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1858 September 07 at 12:39:54.7 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1858 September 07 at 12:40:10.2 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1858 September 07 at 12:40:25.7 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1858 September 07 at 14:05:24.4 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1858 September 07 at 14:09:28.7 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1858 September 07 at 14:15:28.9 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1858 September 07 at 14:42:09.6 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1858 September 07 at 15:38:14.5 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1858 September 07 at 15:38:27.4 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1858 September 07 at 15:38:40.2 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1858 September 07 at 16:44:32.4 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.02096 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.04236 |
| Gamma | −0.56091 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 11h03m21.8s |
| Sun Declination | +06°03'35.0" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'52.9" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 11h02m19.1s |
| Moon Declination | +05°34'40.7" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'59.8" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°58'42.5" |
| ΔT | 7.1 s |
Eclipse season
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| August 24 Ascending node (full moon) | September 7 Descending node (new moon) |
|---|---|
| Partial lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 116 | Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 142 |
Related eclipses
Eclipses in 1858
- A partial lunar eclipse on February 27.
- An annular solar eclipse on March 15.
- A partial lunar eclipse on August 24.
- An total solar eclipse on September 7.
Metonic
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 20, 1854
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of June 27, 1862
Tzolkinex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 28, 1851
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of October 19, 1865
Half-Saros
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 2, 1849
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of September 14, 1867
Tritos
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of October 9, 1847
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 7, 1869
Solar Saros 142
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of August 27, 1840
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of September 17, 1876
Inex
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of September 28, 1829
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of August 19, 1887
Triad
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of November 6, 1771
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 9, 1945
Solar eclipses of 1856–1859
The partial solar eclipses on February 3, 1859 and July 29, 1859 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Solar eclipse series sets from 1856 to 1859 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||
| Saros | Map | Gamma | Saros | Map | Gamma | |
| 117 | April 5, 1856 Total | −0.7906 | 122 | September 29, 1856 Annular | 0.9420 | |
| 127 | March 25, 1857 Total | −0.0892 | 132 | September 18, 1857 Annular | 0.1912 | |
| 137 | March 15, 1858 Annular | 0.6461 | 142 | September 7, 1858 Total | −0.5609 | |
| 147 | March 4, 1859 Partial | 1.4192 | 152 | August 28, 1859 Partial | −1.2569 | |
Metonic series
All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.
| 22 eclipse events between September 8, 1801 and September 7, 1877 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 7–8 | June 26–27 | April 14–15 | January 31–February 1 | November 19–20 |
| 112 | 114 | 116 | 118 | 120 |
September 8, 1801 | June 26, 1805 | April 14, 1809 | February 1, 1813 | November 19, 1816 |
| 122 | 124 | 126 | 128 | 130 |
September 7, 1820 | June 26, 1824 | April 14, 1828 | February 1, 1832 | November 20, 1835 |
| 132 | 134 | 136 | 138 | 140 |
September 7, 1839 | June 27, 1843 | April 15, 1847 | February 1, 1851 | November 20, 1854 |
| 142 | 144 | 146 | 148 | 150 |
September 7, 1858 | June 27, 1862 | April 15, 1866 | January 31, 1870 | November 20, 1873 |
| 152 | ||||
September 7, 1877 | ||||
Notes
- ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
- ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1858 Sep 07". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
References
- NASA graphic
- An Account of the Total Eclipse of the Sun on September 7, 1858, as Observed Near Olmos, Peru by Lieut. J. M. Gillis, Published by the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. 11, April 1859
- Mabel Loomis Todd (1900). Total Eclipses of the Sun. Little, Brown.
