The Senate of Iraq (Arabic: مجلس الاعيان; Majlis al-A`yan) was the unelected upper house of the bicameral parliament established by the Mandatory Iraq's 1925 constitution. There were around twenty Senators, appointed for eight years by the King of Iraq.[1] The Senate remained in existence until the 1958 revolution.
Presidents of the Senate
| Name | Took office | Left office | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yusuf al-Suwaydi | July 1925 | 2 November 1929 | [2][3][4][5] |
| Mohammad Al-Sadr | 2 November 1929 | February 1937 | [6][7][8][9] |
| Muhammed Ridha al-Shabibi | 27 February 1937 | August 1937 | [10][8][11] |
| Mohammad Al-Sadr | December 1937 | December 1943 | [9][12] |
| Jamil Al-Madfai | December 1943 | December 1944 | [13][14] |
| Salih Bashayan | December 1944 | December 1945 | [15] |
| Nuri Al-Said | December 1945 | 21 November 1946 | [16] |
| Mohammad Al-Sadr | June 1948 | 1948 | [9] |
| Nuri Al-Said | 1948 | 6 January 1949 | [13] |
| Jamil Al-Madfai | ? - 1952 | January 1953 | [13][14][17] |
| Jamil Al-Madfai | September 1953 | 1957 - ? | [13][18] |
| Abdul Hadi Chalabi | ? - 1958 | 14 July 1958 | [19] |
Members
Members of the Iraqi Senate included:
- Menahem Saleh Daniel. Appointed 1925, representing Iraqi Jews. Remained member until 1932, when he was succeeded by his son.[20][21]
- Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi. Appointed 1925, remained member until 1929.[22]
- Mawlud Mukhlis. Appointed 1925. Appointed vice-president of the Senate in 1936, though resigned in 1937 when he was elected Baghdad deputy to Parliament. He later returned to the Senate.[23]
- Muhammad al-Sadr. Appointed 1925, remaining until his death in 1956. President of the Senate from 1929 until 1944, with the exception of 1937.[24]
- Yousef VI Emmanuel II Thomas. Appointed 1925, representing the Chaldean Catholic Church.[25] Remained member until his death in 1947, when he was succeeded by Yousef VII Ghanima.
- Rustum Haydar, appointed 1931.[26]
- Ezra Menachem Daniel (1874-1952). Appointed member 1932, replacing his father; remained on the Senate until his death in 1952.[21]
- Abdul Hadi Chalabi, appointed 1947.
- Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, appointed 1948–9.[27]
- Tawfiq Wahbi.[28]
- Nureddin Mahmud, member from January 1953 to 1958.[29]
- Sheikh Ahmad A. Yaseen AlAmer, appointed Mayor of Basra and Al Zubair province and Member of Parliament from 1945 to 1950|[30]
See also
References
- ^ Orit Bashkin (2008). The Other Iraq: Pluralism and Culture in Hashemite Iraq. Stanford University Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-8047-7415-4.
- ^ "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1925.". HathiTrust
- ^ "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1927-28.". HathiTrust
- ^ Lukitz, Liora (July 5, 2005). Iraq: The Search for National Identity. Routledge. ISBN 9781135778217. – via Google Books.
- ^ "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1927-28.". HathiTrust
- ^ "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1929.". HathiTrust
- ^ "Report by His Britannic Majesty's Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Administration of Iraq 1931.". HathiTrust
- ^ British Documents on Foreign Affairs--reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Eastern Affairs, April 1945-December 1945. University Publications of America. January 5, 1997. ISBN 9781556556715. – via Google Books.
- ^ Ghareeb, Edmund A. & Dougherty, Beth (March 18, 2004). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810865686. – via Google Books.
- ^ "'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [30r] (59/96)". Qatar Digital Library. September 10, 2018.
- ^ "مجموعة ١٧/ ١٧ "تقارير سنوية لوزارة الخارجية، ١٩٣٢-١٩٣٨، ١٩٤٧. استعراض سنوي للأحداث ١٩٣٩-١٩٤٢. استعراض سياسي ١٩٤٣-١٩٤٤" [و٦٤] (٤٨٣/١٢٧)". مكتبة قطر الرقمية. September 19, 2017.
- ^ "'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [30v] (60/96)". Qatar Digital Library. September 10, 2018.
- ^ Al-Marayati, Abid A. (January 5, 1961). "A diplomatic history of modern Iraq.". New York. hdl:2027/mdp.39015001694838
- ^ "The Petroleum Times". Petroleum Times. January 5, 1952. – via Google Books.
- ^ "أعلام السياسة في العراق الحديث - مير بصري - ج 2". 8 January 2023. p. 48.
- ^ "'File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia' [32v] (64/96)". Qatar Digital Library. September 10, 2018.
- ^ "The Middle East and North Africa". 1953.
- ^ "The Middle East and North Africa". 1957.
- ^ Blattner, Elwyn James & Blattner, James Elwyn (January 5, 1958). "Who's who in U.A.R and the Near East". Paul Barbey Press. – via Google Books.
- ^ "Daniel, Menahem Salih | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com
- ^ T. Morad & D. Shasha (2008). Iraq's Last Jews: Stories of Daily Life, Upheaval, and Escape from Modern Babylon. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-230-61623-3.
- ^ Who's Who in Iraq, 1936, p. 587
- ^ Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. 2013. p. 433. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
- ^ Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. 2013. p. 521. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
- ^ Kristian Girling (2017). The Chaldean Catholic Church: Modern History, Ecclesiology and Church-State Relations. Taylor & Francis. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-351-70674-2.
- ^ Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. 2013. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
- ^ Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. 2013. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
- ^ Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. 2013. p. 653. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
- ^ Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. 2013. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
- ^ Mohammed (1990), p. 178