Sangad Chaloryu
Honorific prefixAdmiral
OfficeActing Prime Minister of Thailand
Term labelDe facto[a]
Term start20 October 1977
Term end10 November 1977
MonarchBhumibol Adulyadej
PredecessorThanin Kraivichien (as Prime Minister)
SuccessorKriangsak Chamanan (as Prime Minister)
Term label 1De facto[b]
Term start 16 October 1976
Term end 18 October 1976
Monarch 1Bhumibol Adulyadej
Predecessor 1Seni Pramoj (as Prime Minister)
Successor 1Thanin Kraivichien (as Prime Minister)
Office 2Minister of Defense
Term start 25 October 1976
Term end 26 October 1976
Prime minister 2Seni Pramoj
Predecessor 2Seni Pramoj
Successor 2Lek Neawmalee
Office 3Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces
Term start 31 October 1975
Term end 330 September 1976
Predecessor 3Kris Sivara
Successor 3Kamon Dechatungkha
Office 4Commander in Chief of the Royal Thai Navy
Term start 419 November 1973
Term end 430 September 1976
Predecessor 5Cherdchai Thomyath
Successor 5Amorn Sirigaya
Birth date4 March 1916
Birth placeSuphan Buri, Siam
Death date23 November 1980 (aged 64)
Death placeRayong, Thailand
SpouseSukon Chaloryu
Alma materRoyal Thai Naval Academy
OccupationNaval officer · politician
AllegianceKingdom of Thailand
BranchRoyal Thai Navy
Service years1933–1977
RankGeneral · Admiral[1] · Air Chief Marshal[2]
Commands

Admiral Sangad Chaloryu (also written as Sa‐ngad Chaloryu;[3][4] Thai: สงัด ชลออยู่; ; 4 March 1916 – 23 November 1980) was a Thai admiral and politician who served as head of the National Administrative Reform Council (NARC), a military junta that ruled Thailand from 1976 to 1980.[5][6]

Education

Sangad studied at the Vichaibamrungraj School in Chai Nat Province and then moved to Uthai Witthayakhom School in Uthai Thani Province. He later moved to Bangkok to study in Bansomdejchaopraya School in the navy district Thon Buri District. After graduating from high school, he studied at the Royal Thai Naval Academy, and continued his studies at the National Defence College of Thailand and Naval War College.[7]

Careers

Sangad was considered to be a right-wing hawk and close to the CIA. In the 1930s as a young Naval Midshipman, he had trained in Nazi Germany in radar operations. [citation needed] As commander of a naval flotilla in 1954, he helped French Marines and elite forces escape from Vietnam after Hanoi was overrun by the Vietminh. He also held the important positions of Submarine Squadron Commander, Assistant Chief of Staff (operation), Commander of the Royal Thai Fleet, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Navy, and Commander in Chief of the Royal Thai Navy then Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.[8][9]

Coup leader

As defense minister, Sangad led the coup of October 6, 1976.[10] This coup ousted the elected civilian government of Seni Pramoj. Sangad became chairman of NARC, which appointed royal favorite Thanin Kraivichien as Prime Minister. The Thanin government instituted sweeping purges of leftists and communists. Sangad was a figurehead and Army Secretary Kriangsak Chomanan was NARC's most influential figure. In October 1977, NARC staged a second coup (this time without the king's consent), and replaced Thanin with Kriangsak.[11][12]

Non-military activities

  • Member of the House of Representatives
  • Member of the Constituent Assembly
  • Senator
  • Minister of Defense[13]
  • Leader of 1976 coup
  • Leader of March 1977 coup attempt
  • President of the National Policy Council
  • Member of the 1973 National Legislative Assembly[14]

Death

Sangad died from a heart attack on 23 November 1980 at Klaeng District Hospital, Rayong Province, at age 65 years.[15][16]

Honours

received the following royal decorations in the Honours System of Thailand:

Foreign honours

Notes

  1. ^ as Head of the Revolutionary Council
  2. ^ as Head of the National Administrative Reform Council

References

  1. ^ Notify the Prime Minister's Office
  2. ^ Announcement from the Office of the Prime Minister
  3. ^ "New Leader in Thailand". nytimes.com. 1976-10-08.
  4. ^ "Academics say 1976 coup set precedent for 2006". bangkokpost.com. 2012-10-07.
  5. ^ "102 ปี สงัด ชลออยู่ "จอว์สใหญ่" Never Die" (in Thai). www.thairath.co.th. 2017-05-30. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  6. ^ isranews (2014-05-24). "พลิกปูมประวัติ "ผู้นำ" รัฐประหาร 11 ครั้ง จาก "พจน์ พหลโยธิน" ถึง "ป..." (in th-th). สำนักข่าวอิศรา. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  7. ^ "TU Digital Collections". 1981.
  8. ^ "ใครเป็นใครในกรณี 6 ตุลา | บันทึก 6 ตุลา". 23 September 2017.
  9. ^ "4 มี.ค.2458 กำเนิด 'บิ๊กจอวส์' ตำนานรัฐประหาร ต้องเบิ้ล". 4 March 2020.
  10. ^ Staff report (Oct. 18, 1976). "A Nightmare of Lynching and Burning" Time.
  11. ^ Kamm, Henry (October 21, 1977). "Thai Junta Ousts Civilian Regime, Charging It Delayed Vote Too Long", New York Times
  12. ^ "เปิดเอกสารลับ เหตุการณ์ 6 ตุลาจากการสายตาของCIA". www.posttoday.com. 6 October 2019. Retrieved 2020-08-16.
  13. ^ "[PDF] Untitled - ราชกิจจานุเบกษา". Ratchakitcha.soc.go.th. Archived from the original on September 27, 2015.
  14. ^ พระบรมราชโองการ แต่งตั้งสมาชิกสภานิติบัญญัติแห่งชาติ
  15. ^ "การรัฐประหารตามจารีตประเพณี" [Traditional coup] (in Thai). Archived 2022-12-07 at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ^ "อนุสรณ์ในงานพระราชทานฝังศพ พลเรือเอก สงัด ชลออยู่ ม.ป.ช., ม.ว.ม., ท.จ.ว. วันเสาร์ที่ ๗ มีนาคม พ.ศ. ๒๕๒๕ ณ สถานที่ฝังศพ ก.ม. ๒๖๓ บ้านวังหิน อําเภอแกลง จังหวัดระยอง". 1981.
  17. ^ แจ้งความสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ (ชั้นสายสะพาย ในโอกาสพระราชพิธีเฉลิมพระชนมพรรษา วันที่ ๕ ธันวาคม ๒๕๑๐)
  18. ^ แจ้งความสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์จุลจอมเกล้า