Nateni
StatesBenin
EthnicityGurma
Date2021
Refe26
FamilycolorNiger-Congo
Fam 2Atlantic–Congo
Fam 3Gur
Fam 4Northern
Fam 5Oti–Volta
Fam 6Gurma
MinorityBenin
Iso 3ntm
Glottonate1242
GlottorefnameNateni

Nateni (Natemba) is a language of the Gurma people spoken in Benin. It is named after its principal dialect; the others are Tayari (Tayaba), Kunteni (Kuntemba), Okoni (Okoma).

Phonology

Consonants[1]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarLabial–velarGlottal
Plosivevoicedb[a]d[a]ɟ[a][b]
voicelessptck[c]k͡p ⟨kp⟩
Continuantfsj ⟨y⟩wh
Vowels[1]
FrontBack
Closei, ĩ ⟨ḭ⟩u, ũ ⟨ṵ⟩
Close-mideo
Open-midɛ, ɛ̃ ⟨ɛ̰⟩ɔ, ɔ̃ ⟨ɔ̰⟩
Opena, ã ⟨a̰⟩
Syllabicn̩[d] ⟨n⟩

Writing system

Alphabet[2]
uppercaseABCDEƐFHIKKpMNOƆPSTUWY
lowercaseabcdeɛfhikkpmnoɔpstuwy

The low tone is indicated with the grave accent and the high tone with the acute accent on the vowel or the syllabic n . The nasalization is indicated with the help of the tilde under the vowel which can be combined with the acute or grave accent indicating the tone .

References

  1. ^ Nédellec, Brigitte & Bukies, Ulrich (December 2008), "La Phonologie du Naténi", Vol. 2008-005, SIL Working Papers, SIL Global
  2. ^ "Nateni written with Latin script: Symbols & Characters". ScriptSource.org
  1. ^ When preceding nasal vowels, the voiced plosives become nasal consonants: * /b/ > m * /d/ > n * /ɟ/ > ɲ
  2. ^ According to Nédellec & Bukies (2008), the voiced palatal plosive /ɟ/ is disappearing in Nateni. Before oral vowels, it has completely merged to [j], while the nasal realization [ɲ] before nasal vowels is undergoing a similar process, but has not yet completely merged.
  3. ^ The voiceless velar plosive /k/ is realized as voiced ɡ between vowels (as well as following the syllabic nasal).
  4. ^ The syllabic nasal only occurs in medial and final positions. Its place of articulation depends on the sounds that follow it: * m preceding bilabials * ɱ preceding labiodentals * n preceding alveolars * ɲ preceding palatals * ŋ preceding velars It may also be analyzed as a /CV/ cluster with the vowel [ũ], as in [Nũ], where is any realization of the syllabic nasal.