| Altname | Tate |
|---|---|
| Region | New Guinea |
| Ethnicity | 660 ethnic population (2015)[1] |
| Speakers | 630 |
| Date | 2015 |
| Ref | e25 |
| Familycolor | Papuan |
| Fam 1 | language isolate or Eleman |
| Iso 3 | tbd |
| Glotto | kaki1249 |
| Glottorefname | Kaki Ae |
Kaki Ae, or Tate, is a language spoken by about 500 people, half the ethnic population, near Kerema, in Papua New Guinea. It was previously known by the foreign designation Raeta Tati.
Classification
Kaki Ae has been proposed to be related to the Eleman languages, but the connections appear to be loans.[2] Søren Wichmann (2013)[3] tentatively considers it to be a separate, independent group. Pawley and Hammarström (2018) treat Kaki Ae as a language isolate due to low cognacy rates with Eleman, and consider the few similarities shared with Eleman to be due to borrowed loanwords.[4]
Distribution
Kaki Ae is spoken in Auri, Kupiano, Kupla (7.990545°S 145.790882°E), Lou (8.015988°S 145.813268°E), Ovorio (7.987255°S 145.809446°E), and Uriri (7.978345°S 145.794638°E) villages in Central Kerema Rural LLG, Gulf Province.[1][5]
Pronouns
The Kaki Ae pronouns are:
- {|
! !!sg!!pl |- !1 |nao||nu'u |- !2 |ao||ofe |- !3 |era||era-he |}
Phonology
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | k | ʔ | |
| Nasal | m | n | ||
| Fricative | f v | s | h | |
| Approximant | w | l |
Kaki Ae has no distinction between /t/ and /k/. (The forms kaki and tate of the name both derive from the rather pejorative Toaripi name for the people, Tati.)
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ĩ | u ũ | |
| Mid | e ẽ | o õ | |
| Low | a ã |
Vocabulary
The following basic vocabulary words are from Brown (1973),[7] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[8]
- {| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Kaki Ae |- | head || aro |- | hair || uʔumo |- | ear || oʔi |- | eye || ere |- | nose || noʔi |- | tooth || huʔu |- | tongue || anara |- | leg || fera |- | louse || saruta |- | dog || evera |- | bird || mini |- | egg || mini umu |- | blood || ivare |- | bone || uki |- | breast || ame |- | tree || oproro |- | man || aru |- | woman || aʔu |- | sun || lare |- | moon || fuiya |- | water || haime |- | fire || aiyeʔi |- | stone || ere |- | name || iru |- | eat || muake |- | one || okiao |- | two || uʔungka |}
Further reading
- Clifton, John M. 1995. A grammar sketch of the Kaki Ae language. In: Albert J. Bickfield (ed.), Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, 33–80. Grand Forks, North Dakota: SIL.
References
- ^ e25
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (eds.) (2020). "Kaki Ae". Glottolog 4.3
- ^ Wichmann, Søren. 2013. A classification of Papuan languages Archived 2020-11-25 at the Wayback Machine. In: Hammarström, Harald and Wilco van den Heuvel (eds.), History, contact and classification of Papuan languages (Language and Linguistics in Melanesia, Special Issue 2012), 313-386. Port Moresby: Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea.
- ^ Pawley, Andrew & Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. Vol. 4. The World of Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ^ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.
- ^ Clifton, John M. (1997). "The Kaki Ae language". Pacific Linguistics. ' (D-89): 3–66. doi:10.15144/PL-D89.3
- ^ Brown, H.A. (Ed.) (2015). "Chapter 8: The Eleman Language Family". doi:10.15144/PL-C26.279
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.