An estrogen conjugate is a conjugate of an endogenous estrogen. They occur naturally in the body as metabolites of estrogens and can be reconverted back into estrogens. They serve as a circulating reservoir for estrogen, particularly in the case of orally administered pharmaceutical estradiol. Estrogen conjugates include sulfate and/or glucuronide conjugates of estradiol, estrone, and estriol:
- Sulfated:
- Estrone 3-sulfate (E1S)
- Estradiol 3-sulfate (E2S, E2-3S) and estradiol 17β-sulfate (E2-17S)
- Estriol 3-sulfate (E3S)
- Estradiol 3,17β-disulfate (E2DS)
- Glucuronidated:
- Estrone 3-glucuronide (E1-G)
- Estradiol 3-glucuronide (E2-3G) and estradiol 17β-glucuronide (E2-17G)
- Estriol 3-glucuronide (E3-3G), estriol 16α-glucuronide (E3-16G)
- Mixed:
- Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate (E2-3G-17βS)
- Estradiol 3-sulfate 17β-glucuronide (E2-3S-17βG)
- Estriol 3-sulfate 16α-glucuronide (E3-3S-16G)
Estrogen conjugates are conjugated at the C3, C16α, and/or C17β positions, where hydroxyl groups are available.[1]
Estrogen conjugates have been used as pharmaceutical estrogens, as in estrone sulfate as estropipate (piperazine estrone sulfate) and in conjugated estrogens (Premarin) and conjugated estriol (Progynon, Emmenin).
See also
References
- ^ Bhavnani, BR (January 1998). "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of conjugated equine estrogens: chemistry and metabolism.". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 217 (1): 6–16. doi:10.3181/00379727-217-44199. PMID 9421201. S2CID 45177839