Eastern Mansi

Eastern Mansi
Nativename	маньсь лынгх^[1] маньсь нялм^[2]^{[failed verification]} маньсь не̄лм ляӈх / лях ма̊̄ньщха̊р не̄лм ляӈх ^[3]
Pronunciation	[mɒnʲsʲ lʲɘŋx], [mɒnʲsʲ nʲæləm]
States	Russia
Region	Khanty–Mansi
Extinct	2018, with the death of Maksim Šivtorov
Ref	^[4]
Familycolor	Uralic
Fam 2	Finno-Ugric?
Fam 3	Ugric?
Fam 4	Ob-Ugric?
Fam 5	Mansi
Fam 6	Core
Fam 7	Central
Dia 1	Konda (Middle/Lower/Upper)
Dia 2	Yukonda
Isoexception	dialect
Glotto	east2879
Glottorefname	Mansic
Notice	IPA

Eastern or Konda Mansi is an extinct member of the Mansi languages, and was spoken in Russia in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug around the river Konda. It became extinct in 2018, when its last speaker Maksim Shivtorov (Максим Семенович Шивторов) died.^[4] It has Khanty and Siberian Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony, and for */æː/ it has œː, frequently diphthongized.

In Russian linguistics, the Konda dialect used to be called the "southern Mansi (Kondinsky) dialect" (Russian: южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект^[5]) or "eastern Mansi dialect group" (Russian: восточная группа диалектов).^[6]

Dialects

Lower Konda Mansi
Middle Konda Mansi
Upper Konda Mansi
Jukonda Mansi

Phonology

Consonants

Eastern Mansi consonants^[7]
		Labial	Alveolar	(Alveolo-) Palatal	Velar
		Labial	Alveolar	(Alveolo-) Palatal	plain	labialized
Nasals		m м	n н	nʲ нь	ŋ¹ нг³ ӈ
Stops		p п	t т	tʲ ть	k к	kʷ кв
Affricate				sʲ сь
Fricatives	voiceless		s с	sʲ сь	x² х	xʷ² хв
Fricatives	voiced				ɣ¹ г
Semivowels				j й		w в
Laterals			l л	lʲ ль
Trill			r р

Some remarks:

Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear at the beginning of words.
In Middle Konda it does not appear in the beginning of words, but in Lower Konda it does.
/ŋ/ is also spelled with just н if it comes before к or х. This rule does not include suffixes; like in мынгым /mənɣəm/

Vowels

Eastern Mansi vowels^[7]
	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded	Central	Back
Close	i ^{K 1} (и, ӣ, ы, ы̄)	y, yː ^{K 3} (ӱ, ӱ̄)		u, uː ^{K 3} (у, ӯ) (ю, ю̄)
Close-mid			ɘ, ɘː ^KM (ә, ә̄)	o, oː ^{K 3} (о, о̄) (ё, ё̄)
Mid	e ~ i eː^{K 2 3} (э, э̄) (е, е̄)	ø ^K (ӧ)	(ə) ^K (ы)
Near-open	æ, æː ^K (ӓ, ӓ̄)
Open	a, aː ^{K 4} (а, а̄) (я, я̄)			ɒ ~ ɑ ^K (а̊ , а̊̄)

(KM=Present in Middle Konda | KU=Present in Lower Konda | K=Present in both)

Some remarks:

Only present in palatal environments.
It has the allophone /iː/.
Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear in non-initial syllable positions.
Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do /aː/ appear in first syllable positions.

Diphthongs

In Middle Konda, the diphthongs are /øæ/ or /øæ̯/ and /oɒ/ found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.

In Lower Konda, the /æø/ diphthong is usually realized as [œ] which is only found in first syllable positions, while /øæ/ is found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.

Alphabet

In the few instances that Eastern Mansi literature was printed and was from the native areas, it used an unchanged Russian-Cyrillic script like this:

The highlighted letters are found in loanwords, except нг which represents a single nasal consonant^[1] and г is substituted with the letter й in some dialects.^{[citation needed]}

А а	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Б б	В в	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Г г	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Д д	Е е	Ё ё
style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Ж ж	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|З з	И и	Й й	К к	Л л	М м
Н н	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Нг нг	О о	П п	Р р	С с	Т т
У у	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Ф ф	Х х	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Ц ц	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Ч ч	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Ш ш	Щ щ
Ъ ъ	Ы ы	Ь ь	Э э	Ю ю	Я я

The Yukonda dialect had a specialized alphabet, found in E. A. Kuzakova's book: ^[3]

А а	А̄ а̄	Ӓ ӓ	Ӓ̄ ӓ̄	А̊ а̊	А̊̄ а̊̄	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Б б	В в	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Г г	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Д д
Е е	Е̄ е̄	Ё ё	Ё̄ ё̄	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Ж ж	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|З з	И и	Ӣ ӣ	Й й	К к
Л л	Л̆ л̆	М м	Н н	Ӈ ӈ	О о	О̄ о̄	Ӧ ӧ	П п	Р р
С с	Т т	У у	Ӯ ӯ	Ӱ ӱ	Ӱ̄ ӱ̄	У̊ у̊	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Ф ф	Х х	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Ц ц
Ч ч	style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» \|Ш ш	Щ щ	ъ	ы	ь	Э э	Э̄ э̄	Ю ю	Ю̄ ю̄
Я я	Я̄ я̄
(Ю̈ ю̈	Ю̈̄ ю̈̄	Ю̊ ю̊	Я̈ я̈	Я̈̄ я̈̄	Я̊ я̊	Я̊̄ я̊̄)

References

^ Кузакова, Евдокия Александровна, Мансийско-русский словарь. Кондинский диалект мансийского языка [Kuzakova, Evdokiya Aleksandrovna, Mansi-Russian dictionary (Kondinsky dialect of the Mansi language)], Based on the story by P. K. Cheymetov "Ворыяп хумый" ("Two Hunters") page 36
^ Dictionary of Yukonda dialect of Mansi, Lingvodoc 3.0 [1]
^ E. A. Kuzakova 1994.
^ Salminen, Tapani (2023). "Demography, endangerment, and revitalization". The Uralic languages. Routledge Language Family. 2nd ed. Abondolo, Daniel Mario & Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa (eds.). London New York: Routledge. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-138-65084-8.
^ Кузакова Е.А. Южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект.: автореф. на соискат уч. степ. канд. филол. н. Л., 1963. (in Russian)
^ Ромбандеева 1976.
^ Ob-Ugric database of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany; Phonology of Eastern Mansi [2]

Sources

Ромбандеева, Е. И. (1976). "Мансийский язык". Основы финно-угорского языкознания. Марийский, пермский и угорские языки (in Russian). Москва: Наука. pp. 229–239.
Forsberg, Ulla-Maija (2007). Eastern Mansi (Konda) grammar. Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne.
E. A. Kuzakova (1994). Словарь манси (восточный диалект) [Mansi dictionary (eastern dialect)]. Moskwa: Российская академия наук, Ин-т этнологии и антропологии им. Миклухо-Маклая.