Dargin
RegionSouthcentral Dagestan[citation needed]
Date2020 census
Ref[1]
FamilycolorCaucasian
Fam 1Northeast Caucasian
Iso 2dar
Iso 3dar
Glottodarg1242
GlottorefnameDargwic
AltnameDargwa
ProtonameProto-Dargwa

The Dargin languages consist of a dialect continuum of over 60[2] Northeast Caucasian languages or dialects spoken by the Dargin people in southcentral Dagestan. Kajtak, Kubachi, Itsari, Mehweb and Chirag are often considered dialects of the same Dargin/Dargwa language. Ethnologue lists these under a common Dargin language, but also states that these may be separate languages from Dargwa proper.[citation needed] Reasons for classifying the southern group of dialects from the northern group is that speakers of the southern dialects have been reported as treating the literary Aqusha dialect as a foreign language.[3] Due to the linguistic fragmentation of the Dargin languages, speakers use Russian as a lingua franca.[4]

Classification

The Dargin languages are classified as follows by Koryakov 2021:[5]

Dargin

Mutalov 2021 proposes a different classification:[6]

Dargin languages

Glottolog uses a different classification, based on Koryakov 2012.[7][8]

Dargwic

Phonology

The following chart is a collective phoneme inventory of all Dargin languages.

LabialDentalPostalveolarPalatalVelarUvularPharyngeal
Epiglottal		Glottal
plainsib.
Nasalmn
Plosive/
Affricate		 voicedbdd͡z1d͡ʒ1ɡɢ1ʡ1
voicelessptt͡st͡ʃkqʔ
longpː2tː2t͡sː2t͡ʃː2kː2qː2
ejectivepʼtʼt͡sʼt͡ʃʼkʼqʼʡʼ2
Fricative voicedv1zʒɣ1ʁʢɦ
voicelessf1sʃç1xχʜ
longsː2ʃː2xː2χː2
Trillr
Approximantwlj
  1. Present in the literary standard of Dargwa, but not some other dialects.
  2. Present in some dialects, but not the literary standard.

The source is rather ambiguous in its using the term "laryngeal" for a presumed column of consonants that includes both a "voiced" and a "glottalized" plosive. A voiced glottal plosive cannot be made, because the glottis needs to be closed, and an ejective consonant requires an additional closure further up the vocal tract. Pending clarification, this row has been transcribed here as an epiglottal column and a glottal stop, both found in many other East Caucasian languages.

References

  1. ^ Том 5. «Национальный состав и владение языками». Таблица 7. Население наиболее многочисленных национальностей по родному языку
  2. ^ Malyshev, Vladislav; Malysheva, Viktoria; Gutz, Angelina; Novaya, Irina; Panina, Anastasia; Yurkova, Alyona; Clifton, John M.; Tiessen, Calvin (2019). The Sociolinguistic Situation of the Dargwa in Dagestan. SIL International.
  3. ^ "Languages". DOBES. Retrieved 2024-08-22.
  4. ^ Korâkov, Û B. (2006). Atlas kavkaskich âzykov: s priloženiem polnogo reestra âzykov. Moskva: Piligrim. ISBN 978-5-9900772-1-8.
  5. ^ Майсак, Т. А.; Сумбатова, Н. Р.; Тестелец, Я. Г. (eds.) (2021). "Даргинские языки и их классификация" [Dargwa languages and their classification]. Дурхъаси Хазна. Сборник Статей К 60-Летию Р. О. Муталова / Ред. Т. А. Майсак, Н. Р. Сумбатова, Я. Г. Тестелец. М.: Буки Веди (in Russian). Буки Веди. pp. 139–154. ISBN 978-5-6045633-5-9.
  6. ^ Муталов, Расул Османович (2021-03-07). "КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ДАРГИНСКИХ ЯЗЫКОВ И ДИАЛЕКТОВ". Sociolingvistika. 3 (7): 8–25. doi:10.37892/2713-2951-3-7-8-25. ISSN 2713-2951
  7. ^ "Glottolog 5.0 - Dargwic". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2024-06-02.
  8. ^ Коряков, Ю. Б. "Лексикостатистическая классификация даргинских языков". На основе доклада на московском семинаре по нахско-дагестанским языкам под руководством Н. Р. Сумбатовой, 30.10.2012