| C | 春分 |
|---|---|
| L | spring equinox |
| P | chūnfēn |
| Bpmf | ㄔㄨㄣ ㄈㄣ |
| Phfs | Chhûn-fûn |
| J | ceon1 fan1 |
| Y | chēun fān |
| Poj | Chhun-hun |
| Tl | tshun-hun |
| Buc | Chŭng-*hŭng |
| Mblmc | Ché̤ng-hóng |
| Kanji | 春分 |
| Hiragana | しゅんぶん |
| Romaji | shunbun |
| Hanja | 春分 |
| Hangul | 춘분 |
| Rr | chunbun |
| Chuhan | 春分 |
| Qn | xuân phân |
| Mnc | ᠨᡳᠶᡝᠩᠨᡳᠶᡝᡵᡳ ᡩᡠᠯᡳᠨ |
| Mnc v | niyengniyeri dulin |
| Mon | хаврын хугас |
| Mong | ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰ |
The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms.[1] Chūnfēn, Shunbun, Chunbun, or Xuân phân is the 4th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 0° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 15°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around 20 March and ends around 4 April (5 April East Asia time). It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 0°.
Pentads
Each solar term can be divided into 3 pentads (候). They are: first pentad (初候), second pentad (次候) and last pentad (末候). Pentads in Chunfen include:
China
- First pentad: 玄鳥至, 'The dark birds arrive'. 'Dark bird' in this case refers to swallows, which are also making their northward migration,[2] or the Xuanniao.
- Second pentad: 雷乃發聲, 'Thunder sounds', referring to the onset of spring thunderstorms.[2]
- Last pentad: 始電, 'Lightning starts'. This refers to thunderstorms as well, but also to the gradual lengthening of daytime, and the prevalence of sunlight. [2]
Japan
A pentad as follows was referred to Japanese traditional calendar presented in a smaller, easy to use, format.
- First pentad: (雀始巣, Suzume hajimete sukuu), 'Sparrow begins holding a nest'.[3]
- Second pentad: (桜始開, Sakura hajimete hiraku), 'Cherry blossoms open for the first time'.[3]
- Last pentad: (雷乃発声, Kaminari sunawachi koeo hassu), 'Distant thunder start to sound'.[3]
Date and time
| Year | Begin | End |
|---|---|---|
| Source: JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System | ||
See also
References
- ^ Zhang, Peiyu & Hunag, Hongfeng( (1994). "The Twenty-four Solar Terms of the Chinese Calendar and the Calculation for Them". Purple Mountain Observatory. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- ^ Kondō Heijō (近藤瓶城) (ed.) (1901). "新加纂録類 (Shinka Sanrokurui)". 改定史籍集覧 (Kaitei Shiseki Shūran). Vol. 19. Tokyo: 近藤活版所 (Kondō Kappansho). p. 110.
- ^ Fujisawa, Morihiko (1961). "年中行事編 (Nenjū Gyōjihen)". 図説日本民俗学全集 (Zusetsu Nihon Minzokugaku Zenshū). Vol. 7. Tokyo: Akane Shobō. p. 103.