| Native name | احمد بوستمم |
|---|---|
| Honorific prefix | Yang Berbahagia Dato' |
| Birth name | Abdullah Thani bin Raja Kechil |
| Birth date | 30 November 1920 |
| Birth place | Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Federated Malay States, British Malaya |
| Death date | 19 January 1983 (aged 62) |
| Death place | Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| Constituency mp 1 | Setapak |
| Parliament 1 | Malaysian |
| Term start 1 | 19 August 1959 |
| Term end 1 | 1 March 1964 |
| Predecessor 1 | Constituency established |
| Successor 1 | Chan Seong Yoon (Alliance) |
| Majority 1 | 2,096 (1959) |
| Office 2 | President of Parti Rakyat Malaysia |
| Term start 2 | 11 November 1955 |
| Term end 2 | 20 July 1968 |
| Predecessor 2 | Position established |
| Successor 2 | Kassim Ahmad |
| Office 3 | President of Parti Marhaen Malaysia |
| Term start 3 | 20 July 1968 |
| Term end 3 | 19 July 1974 |
| Predecessor 3 | Position established |
| Successor 3 | Position abolished |
| Office 4 | Chairmen of Malaysian Social Justice Party |
| Term start 4 | 1977 |
| Term end 4 | 1978 |
| Predecessor 4 | Tan Chee Khoon |
| Successor 4 | Position abolished |
| Office 6 | Faction represented in Dewan Rakyat |
| Subterm 6 | 1959–1964 |
| Suboffice 6 | Parti Rakyat Malaysia |
| Subterm 7 | 1959–1964 |
| Suboffice 7 | Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front |
| Party | Parti Rakyat Malaysia (PRM) (1955-1968, 1978-1983) Parti Marhaen Malaysia (PMM) (1968-1974) Malaysian Social Justice Party (PEKEMAS) (1974-1978) |
| Other party | Malayan Peoples' Socialist Front (SF) (1959–1964) |
| Occupation | Politician, editor, reporter, writer |
| Spouse | Rohani Zainal Abidin, Shamsiah Fakeh (disputed claim) |
| Alma mater | Anderson School Ipoh |
Abdullah Thani bin Raja Kechi (30 November 1920 – 19 January 1983), commonly known as Ahmad Boestamam, was a Malaysian freedom fighter and politician. He was the founding president of Parti Rakyat Malaysia and Parti Marhaen Malaysia[1] and former chairman of the Malaysian Social Justice Party. He was an editor and reporter for several newspapers and took a pen-name honouring Indian freedom fighter Subhas Chandra Bose.[2] He was elected a member of parliament for Setapak in Malaysia' first post-independence elections in 1959, and served lengthy spells as a political prisoner.[3]
Early life
Ahmad Boestamam was born in Setapak, Ampang, Kuala Lumpur (then part of Selangor) to ethnic Malay parents of Minangkabau origin who originally came from Tanah Datar, West Sumatra. He was raised in Tanjung Malim, Perak.[4][1]
Boestamam had been a young follower of the Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM) from the late 1930s in Perak, emerging after the war as the militant youth leader of Angkatan Pemuda Insaf (API) to the older and more moderate Burhanuddin al-Helmy and Ishak Haji Muhammad of the Malay Nationalist Party (PKMM).[5]
PKMM, in turn, led Pusat Tenaga Rakyat or Putera to join the All Malayan Council of Joint Action (AMCJA), which was then led by the Malayan Democratic Union (MDU), which was involved in drafting an alternative constitution to the document that eventually formed the basis of the Federation of Malaya.[4]
Boestamam was detained without trial for seven years in early 1948, before the Malayan Emergency was declared in mid-1948, together with thousands of other pro-independence Malays. This pre-emptive repression by the colonial power was to ethnically colour the subsequent anti-colonial resistance.[6]
Election as MP
Soon after his release in 1955, he set up the Partai Rakyat Malaya with other independent fighters on 11 November 1955. Inspired by the anti-colonial and socialist struggle in Indonesia led by Sukarno, the party in its formative years subscribed to a pan-Malay/Indonesian nationalism. Unlike its contemporary UMNO (which ruled the country uninterrupted from independence until 2018), Parti Rakyat demanded total independence from British colonialism.[3]
The party later joined with the Labour Party of Malaya, chaired by Ishak Haji Muhammad, to create the Socialist Front, which had great success in local council elections in Malaya, particularly in Penang and Malacca.[2] The growing power of the left resulted in a heavy crackdown by the UMNO government.[7]
In the 1959 elections he contested and won the Setepak parliamentary seat. In a three-way contest, he defeated Aishah Ghani of UMNO/Alliance and independent Yap Kim Swee, winning the seat by a margin of 2,096 votes.[citation needed]
In 1963, soon after the outbreak of the Konfrontasi between Malaysia and Indonesia, the Alliance government began massive round-ups of left-wing politicians and activists among the opposition.[8]
He managed to contest the Langat seat in Selangor in the 1964 elections but lost heavily to Umno's Zakaria Mohd Taib.[9]
He was among those arrested and detained in the mid 1960s, alongside Ishak Haji Muhammad, Abdul Aziz Ishak, Kampo Radjo, V. David, Tan Kai Hee, Tan Hock Hin, M.K. Rajakumar, Karam Singh Veeriah, Hasnul Hadi, Tajuddin Kahar and hundreds of others.[10]
The Socialist Front eventually dissolved under strong state repression and local council elections were abolished.
Parti Rakyat became a fringe party in parliamentary politics and following his release from detention, Boestamam was removed as party leader by a group led by Kassim Ahmad.[1]
He and Ishak Haji Muhammad established Parti Marhaen Malaysia in 1968 and attempted to re-establish the Socialist Front before the 1974 elections, but failed.[11][12]
He then merged Parti Marhaen into Pekemas but that party also floundered, winning only one seat in the 1974 elections. He took over the Pekemas party presidency from Tan Chee Khoon but left soon after.[13]
Legacy
Boestamam's son, Rustam Sani would later become the deputy president of the party his father founded.[14]
Ahmad Boestaman died on 19 January 1983.[13]
Election results
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1959 | P070 Setapak | rowspan=2 bgcolor= | | Ahmad Boestamam (PRM) | 6,901 | 30.68% | Aishah Ghani (UMNO) | 4,805 | 21.37% | 15,743 | 2,096 | 70.00% | |
| Yao Kim Swee (IND) | 3,853 | 24.47% | ||||||||||
| Year | Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Pct | Opponent(s) | Votes | Pct | Ballots cast | Majority | Turnout | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | P069 Langat | bgcolor= | | Ahmad Boestamam (PRM) | 4,260 | 29.31% | Zakaria Mohd Taib (UMNO) | 10,275 | 70.69% | 14,535 | 6,015 | 80.31% | |
| 1974 | P061 Hilir Perak | Ahmad Boestamam (PEKEMAS) | 4,925 | 27.36% | Abu Bakar Arshad (UMNO) | 13,077 | 72.64% | 19,319 | 8,152 | 71.10% | ||
Honours
- Sarawak
- Knight Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of Sarawak (PNBS) – Dato' (1976)[17]
Namesakes
A school in Sitiawan, Perak was named after him.
References
- ^ "Syed Husin remembers #1: Merdeka-era leaders lost to the nation". 23 September 2021.
- ^ Teo Lee Ken (Apr 2018). "Liberational Justice in the Political Thought of Ahmad Boestamam". Southeast Asian Studies. 7 (1): 66. Kyoto University. doi:10.20495/seas.7.1_65. hdl:2433/231053
- ^ Jomo, K.S. "Farewell to a true Malaysian". thestar.com.my. Archived 2008-05-01 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2025-08-07.
Generous in spirit and encouraging of younger talents, Rustam Sani never hesitated to give his all to the writing he enjoyed, regardless of the sacrifices involved.
- ^ Ahmad Boestamam, Keturunan Minang Pendiri Partai Marhaen Malaysia
- ^ Malhi, Ranjit Singh (2022-03-13). "HISTORY | Ahmad Boestamam – nationalist and 'people's tiger'". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 2024-12-31.
- ^ "Kisah Boestamam dan rumah No. 5" (in ms-MY). Sinar Harian. 2023-04-16. Retrieved 2024-12-31.
- ^ thinkleftpsm (2020-12-17). "Sick of the system, young Malaysians turn to socialism". Think Left. Retrieved 2024-12-31.
- ^ ABDULLAH, SN DR AHMAD KAMAL (2019-07-07). "Ahmad Boestamam patriot hebat" (in ms-MY). Utusan Malaysia. Retrieved 2025-08-07.
- ^ Sim, Steven (2019-10-08). "Penyatuan Melayu - seruan Ahmad Boestamam". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 2025-08-07.
- ^ Yahaya, Hishamuddin (2010-01-04). "“Lembu punya susu, sapi dapat nama”". Aliran. Retrieved 2025-08-07.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 25 March 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "Partai Marhaen mulai ator langkah"
- ^ Matanasi, Petrik (2020-11-17). "Ahmad Boestamam, Keturunan Minang Pendiri Partai Marhaen Malaysia" (in Indonesian). tirto.id. Retrieved 2025-01-01.
- ^ "Rustam Sani dies, aged 64". 2008-05-03. Archived 3 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2025-01-01.
- ^ "THE BIG DAY : The results - State by State". The Straits Times. 1959-08-20. p. 16. Retrieved 2025-02-12.
- ^ "TindakMalaysia/HISTORICAL-ELECTION-RESULTS", TindakMalaysia, 2024-12-21, retrieved 2024-12-26
- ^ Bahagian Istiadat dan Urusetia Persidangan Antarabangsa, SARAWAK SUSUNAN KEUTAMAAN DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT JPM Putrajaya
External links
- Farewell to a true Malaysian, The Star, 26 April 2008.