896

Year 896 (DCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

Events

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By place

Europe

• February – King Arnulf of Carinthia invades Italy at the head of an East Frankish expeditionary army. He storms Rome (the Leonine City), and has himself crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Formosus at St. Peter's. Arnulf sets out to establish his authority in Spoleto, but suffers a stroke; he is forced to call off the campaign, and returns to Bavaria.
• March – King Lambert II proceeds to re-conquer Italy. Heading north, he captures western Lombardy, and decapitates count Maginulf of Milan. In the meantime, the deposed king Berengar I recovers Verona (March of Friuli) from Arnulf's candidate, count Walfred of Verona, who dies in office with "great fidelity to the emperor".^[1]
• Battle of Southern Buh: Bulgarian forces under Simeon I ('the Great') defeat the Magyars, near the banks of the Southern Buh river (modern Ukraine). The Magyars withdraw from Bulgaria, and are forced to migrate to new pastures. Led by Árpád, they settle in the Carpathian Basin (modern Hungary).^[2]
• Summer – Battle of Boulgarophygon: Simeon I invades the Theme of Thrace (in the southeastern Balkans). The Byzantines transfer a new army to Europe, to deal with the Bulgarian threat. The armies clash at Boulgarophygon (modern Turkey); the Byzantines are completely destroyed in battle.^[3]
• November – Lambert II and Berengar I agree to sign a treaty at Pavia. Berengar receives the realm between the Adda and the Po, while the rest stays under the control of Lambert (including the March of Tuscany). They share Bergamo, and Lambert pledges to marry Gisela, Berengar's daughter.^[4]
• Prince Klonimir, pretender to the throne of the Serbian Principality, is defeated by his ruling cousin, Petar. He is recognized as sole ruler of Serbia by Simeon I, resulting in a 20-year peace and alliance (approximate date).^[5]

Britain

• Summer – King Alfred the Great orders the building of English warships (almost twice as long as the longships) on the Itchen at Southampton, against the Danish Viking raiders in Wessex.^[6]
• A Viking pirate army under Hastein (a son of Ragnar Lodbrok) ravages the Welsh kingdoms of Brycheiniog and Gwent (approximate date).

Arabian Empire

• Kharijite Rebellion: The Kharijite uprising against the Abbasid Caliphate in Jazira is ended. Caliph Al-Mu'tadid reunifies the entire province under central government, and installs his son and heir, Al-Muktafi, as governor.^[7]

China

• Emperor Zhao Zong appoints Li Keyong, a Shatuo military governor (jiedushi), as Prince of Jin. He becomes the first ruler of Jin (see 907) following the collapse of the Tang dynasty.

By topic

Religion

• April 4 – Pope Formosus dies at Rome, after a four-year reign. He is succeeded by Boniface VI, as the 112th pope of the Catholic Church.
• April 26 – Boniface VI dies (probably murdered), after a pontificate of 15 days. He is succeeded by Stephen VI, as the 113th pope of Rome.

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Births

• Al-Masudi, Muslim historian and geographer (approximate date)
• Liu Hua, Chinese princess and wife of Wang Yanjun (d. 930)

Deaths

• January 18 – Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun, ruler of the Tulunid Dynasty (b. 864)
• April 4 – Formosus, pope of the Catholic Church
• April – Boniface VI, pope of the Catholic Church
• May 17 – Liu Jianfeng, Chinese warlord
• June 1 – Theodosius Romanus, Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antioch
• July 3 – Dong Chang, Chinese warlord
• Abu 'l-Asakir Jaysh ibn Khumarawayh, Muslim emir
• Abu Hanifa Dinawari, Muslim botanist and geographer (b. 815)
• Adarnase III, Georgian prince
• Anselm II, archbishop of Milan
• Berengar II, Frankish nobleman
• Cui Zhaowei, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
• Flann mac Lonáin, Irish poet
• Gerolf of Holland, count of Friesland (or 895)
• Ibn al-Rumi, Muslim poet (b. 836)
• Klonimir, Serbian prince (approximate date)
• Miro the Elder, count of Conflent (Spain)
• Rafi ibn Harthama, ruler of Greater Khorasan
• Rustam I, ruler of the Bavand Dynasty (Iran)
• Sahl al-Tustari, Persian scholar (approximate date)
• Sitriuc mac Ímair, king of Dublin
• Walfred of Friuli, Lombard nobleman

References

1. ^ Reuter, Timothy (trans.) The Annals of Fulda Archived February 26, 2010 at the Wayback Machine. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.
2. ^
3. ^
4. ^ Sismondi, History of the Italian Republics in the Middle Ages, p. 24.
5. ^ Fine 1991, p. 141.
6. ^ Paul Hill (2009). The Viking Wars of Alfred the Great, p. 139. ISBN 978-1-59416-087-5.
7. ^