| Year | 1997 |
|---|---|
| First | 12 January |
| Last | 24 December |
| Total | 89 |
| Success | 83 |
| Failed | 3 |
| Partial | 3 |
| Catalogued | 86 |
| Maidens | M-V Titan IVB VLS-1 Taepodong-1 |
| Retired | Atlas I |
| Orbital | 10 |
| Totalcrew | 51 |
| Firstsat | Philippines |
| Programme | Timeline of spaceflight |
|---|---|
| Previous mission | 1996 |
| Next mission | 1998 |
This article outlines notable events occurring in 1997 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.
Orbital launches
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Suborbital launches
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Deep-space rendezvous
| Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 February | Galileo | 2nd flyby of Europa | |
| 5 April | Galileo | 3rd flyby of Ganymede | |
| 7 May | Galileo | 4th flyby of Ganymede | |
| 25 June | Galileo | 2nd flyby of Callisto | |
| 27 June | NEAR | Flyby of 253 Mathilde | Closest approach: 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) |
| 4 July | Mars Pathfinder | Landed on Mars | Location: Ares Vallis; first Mars rover and rover on another planet |
| 11 September | Mars Global Surveyor | Areocentric orbit injection | |
| 17 September | Galileo | 3rd flyby of Callisto | |
| 6 November | Galileo | 3rd flyby of Europa | |
| 16 December | Galileo | 4th flyby of Europa |
EVAs
| Start date/time | Duration | End time | Spacecraft | Crew | Function | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 February 04:34 | 6 hours 42 minutes | 11:16 | STS-82 | Mark C. Lee Steven Smith | Swapped out the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph for the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer and replaced the Faint Object Spectrograph with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. Stowed the GHRS and FOS for return to Earth in the payload bay.[1] | Hubble Space Telescope servicing |
| 15 February 03:25 | 7 hours 27 minutes | 10:52 | STS-82 Discovery | Gregory J. Harbaugh Joseph R. Tanner | Replaced a Fine Guidance Sensor and an Engineering and Science Tape Recorder with spare replacement units. Also installed the Optical Control Electronics Enhancement Kit.[2] | Hubble Space Telescope servicing |
| 16 February 02:53 | 7 hours 11 minutes | 10:04 | STS-82 Discovery | Mark C. Lee Steven Smith | Replaced a Data Interface Unit with a spare unit and replaced a reel-to-reel tape drive Engineering and Science Tape Recorder with a solid-state digital version. Also replaced one of the four Reaction Wheel Assembly units that help point the telescope at targets.[3] | Hubble Space Telescope servicing |
| 17 February 03:45 | 6 hours 34 minutes | 10:19 | STS-82 Discovery | Gregory J. Harbaugh Joseph R. Tanner | Replaced the Solar Array Drive Electronics package with a spare, also replaced the covers of the satellite's magnetometers. Installed thermal blankets over areas of degraded insulation.[4] | Hubble Space Telescope servicing |
| 18 February 03:15 | 5 hours 17 minutes | 08:32 | STS-82 Discovery | Mark C. Lee Steven Smith | Installed more thermal insulation on three more areas that had undergone degradation.[5] | Hubble Space Telescope servicing |
| 29 April 05:10 | 4 hours 59 minutes | 10:09 | Mir EO-23 Kvant-2 | Vasily Tsibliyev Jerry M. Linenger | Installed the Optical Properties Monitor on the exterior of Kristall. Used the Strela crane to move to the Kvant-2 module. At Kvant-2 they retrieved two American experiments, the Partial Impact Experiment and the Mir Sample Experiment, from the Kvant-2 hull, and installed the Benton Radiation Dosimeter on Kvant-2.[6] | First use of the new Orlan-M space suit. |
| 22 August 11:14 | 3 hours 16 minutes | 14:30 | Mir EO-24 Transfer compartment of DOS-7 | Anatoly Solovyev Pavel Vinogradov | Reconnected power cabling to the Spektr solar arrays, thus restoring part of the power lost in the collision. Although the spacewalkers were able to recover equipment and supplies from the module, they were not able to find the puncture hole.[7] | Internal EVA to inspect the damaged Spektr module |
| 6 September 01:07 | 6 hours | 07:07 | Mir EO-24 Kvant-2 | Anatoly Solovyev /Michael Foale | Solovyev rode the Strela crane operated by Foale on the base block to Spektr to inspect for damage. Although an extensive documentation and search of Spektr, he was unable to find the hole. Before he returned to the airlock, Foale collected the radiation dosimeter installed outside earlier.[8] | Foale became the first person to conduct EVAs in both American and Russian spacesuits.[9] |
| 1 October 17:29 | 5 hours 1 minute | 22:30 | STS-86 Mir | Scott E. Parazynski Vladimir Titov | Retrieved the four Mir Environmental Effects Packages from the docking module surface. Also installed the Solar Array Cap to the docking module, to be used to plug the hole in the Spektr module on a future EVA. To close out the EVA, the spacewalkers tested the Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue jet packs.[10] | |
| 20 October 09:40 | 6 hours 38 minutes | 16:18 | Mir EO-24 Transfer compartment of DOS-7 | Anatoly Solovyev Pavel Vinogradov | Attempted to install three control cables between the solar array servo motors to the special adapter plate that seals Spektr from the rest of Mir. After cleaning up some of the debris and loose items in Spektr, Solovyev was able to connect the three cables to the servos. But even after an effort that extended into the "emergency oxygen supply" of the Orlan space suits, Solovyev was only able to connect two of the cables to the adapter plate.[11] | Internal EVA to repair the damaged Spektr module |
| 3 November 03:32 | 6 hours 4 minutes | 09:36 | Mir EO-24 Kvant-2 | Anatoly Solovyev Pavel Vinogradov | Released a minispunik (mini-satellite) into orbit. The spacewalkers then dismantled the old solar panel MSB-4 on Kvant-1. They stowed the panel on the outside of the base block.[12] | |
| 6 November 00:12 | 6 hours 12 minutes | 06:24 | Mir EO-24 Kvant-2 | Anatoly Solovyev Pavel Vinogradov | Installed a new solar array on Kvant-1 to replace the panel removed on their previous spacewalk.[13] | |
| 25 November 00:02 | 7 hours 43 minutes | 07:45 | STS-87 | Winston E. Scott Takao Doi | Captured the Spartan satellite by hand and secured it in the payload bay. Then the spacewalking team set up and tested a crane that will be used to construct the International Space Station.[14] | Doi became the first Japanese spacewalker. |
| 3 December 09:09 | 4 hours 59 minutes | 14:09 | STS-87 Columbia | Winston E. Scott Takao Doi | Conducted more testing and evaluation of the crane in the payload bay. They repeated many of the same crane motion tests with smaller objects than in the earlier EVA. During the EVA a small free-flying video camera was deployed to record the work.[15] |
References
Footnotes
- ^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-82 Day 4 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived 22 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
- ^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-82 Day 5 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived 22 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
- ^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-82 Day 6 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived 22 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
- ^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-82 Day 7 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived 22 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
- ^ Dumoulin, Jim (2001). "STS-82 Day 8 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived 22 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
- ^ van der Berg, Chris (29 April 1997). "MIRNEWS 29 APRIL 1997 (357)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2009.
- ^ van der Berg, Chris (25 August 1997). "MIRNEWS 25AUGUST 1997 (380)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
- ^ van der Berg, Chris (6 September 1997). "MIRNEWS.382". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
- ^ Foale, Colin (1999). Waystation to The Stars. London: Headline Book Publishing. p. 235. ISBN 0-7472-7380-4.
- ^ Dumoulin, Jim. "STS-86 Day 7 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived 21 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
- ^ van der Berg, Chris (22 October 1997). "MIRNEWS.391 22 OCTOBER 1997 (391)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
- ^ van der Berg, Chris (3 November 1997). "MIRNEWS 3 NOVEMBER 1997 (393)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
- ^ van der Berg, Chris (6 November 1997). "MIRNEWS 6 NOVEMBER 1997 (394)". MirNews. SpaceOnLine. Archived from the original on 27 August 2008. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
- ^ Dumoulin, Jim (25 November 1997). "STS-87 Day 7 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived 21 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
- ^ Dumoulin, Jim (3 December 1997). "STS-87 Day 15 Highlights". NASA Space Shuttle Launch Archive. NASA. Archived 21 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 10 March 2009.