For a general discussion of the United States government's legislative branch, see United States Congress.
118th United States Congress
Number118th
StartJanuary 3, 2023
EndJanuary 3, 2025
VpKamala Harris (D)
Reps435
Senators100
Delegates6
H-majorityRepublican
S-majorityDemocratic
(through caucus)
Sessionnumber 11st
Sessionstart 1January 3, 2023
Sessionend 1January 3, 2024
Sessionnumber 22nd
Sessionstart 2January 3, 2024
Sessionend 2January 3, 2025
Previous117th
Next119th

The 118th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened in Washington, D.C., on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025, during the final two years of Joe Biden's presidency.

In the 2022 midterm elections, the Republican Party won control of the House 222–213, taking the majority for the first time since the , while the Democratic Party gained one seat in the Senate, where they already had effective control, and giving them a 51–49-seat majority (with a caucus of 48 Democrats and three Independents).[a] With Republicans winning the House, the 118th Congress ended the federal government trifecta Democrats held in the 117th.[1]

This congress also featured the first female Senate president pro tempore (Patty Murray), the first black party leader (Hakeem Jeffries) in congressional history, and the longest-serving Senate party leaders (Mitch McConnell and Dick Durbin).[b] The Senate had the highest number of Independent members in a single Congress since the ratification of the 17th Amendment after Joe Manchin left the Democratic Party to become an Independent.[2]

The 118th Congress was characterized as a uniquely ineffectual Congress, with its most notable events pointing towards political dysfunction.[3] The intense gridlock, particularly in the Republican-controlled House, where the Republican Conference's majority was often undercut by internal disputes among its members,[4] resulted in it passing the lowest number of laws for the first year of session since the Richard Nixon administration, and possibly ever.[5] By August 2024, the Congress has passed only 78 laws, less than a third of the next lowest laws per Congress in the 112th Congress, which also featured a Republican House opposing the Democratic Senate and White House.[6] This resulted in the need for a legislative coalition to pass key legislation, allowing the minority to exercise powers usually reserved for the majority. The fractious session demotivated many veteran legislators, with five committee chairs among the dozens who declared their resignation or retirement before the end of the session, three of whom were eligible to reprise their positions if the Republican Party retained their majority for 2025.[7] A higher-than-average number of retiring lawmakers were those attempting to pass bipartisan and collaborative legislation.[8] Two complete discharge petitions were filed in late 2024, both Republican-led with majority Democratic support, demonstrating a trend towards bucking leadership and lack of party discipline;[9] such a gambit was last successful in 2015 to support the Export–Import Bank. The second of these, a bill to remove certain Social Security restrictions, was subject to an unusual legislative procedure when a chair pro forma called forth a motion to table on a bill while the chamber was empty, flouting House convention and agreements.[10]

The Congress began with a multi-ballot election for Speaker of the House, which had not happened since the 68th Congress in 1923. Kevin McCarthy was eventually elected speaker on the 15th ballot. After relying on bipartisan votes to get out of a debt ceiling crisis and government shutdown threats, McCarthy became the first speaker ever to be removed from the role during a legislative session on October 3, 2023.[11] Following three failed attempts by various representatives to fill the post, on October 25, Mike Johnson was elected as speaker. Johnson would advance four more bipartisan continuing resolutions from November into March to avoid shutdowns.[12][13] Congress finalized the 2024 United States federal budget on March 23, 2024, through two separate minibus packages.[14] Following a contentious foreign-aid vote, a motion to remove Johnson from the speakership was defeated in a bipartisan vote.[15]

Partisan disciplinary actions also increased. With the expulsion of New York representative George Santos from the House in December 2023, over the opposition of the speaker, this was the first congress since the 107th in which a member was expelled, and the first ever in which a Republican was. There was also an increase of censures passed in the House,[16] being the first congress with multiple censures since the 1983 congressional page sex scandal and the most in one year since 1870. In December 2023, House Republicans authorized an impeachment inquiry into Joe Biden,[17] followed by the impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas in February 2024, the first time a cabinet secretary has been the target of impeachment proceedings since William W. Belknap in 1876, and only the second such cabinet impeachment in history.[18][19] The charges were dismissed by the Senate, the first time the Senate dismissed impeachment articles without trial after the reading.[20]

This is the most recent Congress with Democratic senators from the states of Montana (Jon Tester) and Ohio (Sherrod Brown), both of whom lost re-election in 2024.

Major events

Further information: 2023 in the United States and 2024 in the United States

Major legislation

Enacted

Main article: List of acts of the 118th United States Congress

Proposed (but not enacted)

Main article: List of bills in the 118th United States Congress
House bills
Senate bills

Major resolutions

Adopted

Proposed

Vetoed

  • : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Department of Defense and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Revised Definition of 'Waters of the United States'".
  • : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights".
  • : Disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Commerce relating to "Procedures Covering Suspension of Liquidation, Duties and Estimated Duties in Accord With Presidential Proclamation 10414".
  • : Disapproving the action of the District of Columbia Council in approving the Comprehensive Policing and Justice Reform Amendment Act of 2022.
  • : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Education relating to "Waivers and Modifications of Federal Student Loans".
  • : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Labor Relations Board relating to "Standard for Determining Joint Employer Status".
  • : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission relating to "Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 121".
  • : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Control of Air Pollution From New Motor Vehicles: Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle Standards".
  • : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection relating to "Small Business Lending Under the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (Regulation B)".
  • : Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Federal Highway Administration relating to "Waiver of Buy America Requirements for Electric Vehicle Chargers".

Party summary

Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section:

Senate

Overview of Senate membership by party
 Party
(shading shows control)
TotalVacant
DemocraticIndependent[c]Republican
End of previous Congress[d]482501000
Begin (January 3, 2023)483491000
January 8, 2023[e]48991
January 23, 2023[e]491000
September 29, 2023[f]47991
October 3, 2023[f]481000
May 31, 2024[g][53]474
August 20, 2024[h]46991
September 9, 2024[h]471000
Last voting share51%49% 
Beginning of the next Congress45252991

House of Representatives

Overview of House membership by party
 Party
(shading shows control)
TotalVacant
DemocraticRepublican
End of previous Congress2162134296
Begin (January 3, 2023)[i]2122224341
March 7, 2023[i]2134350
May 31, 2023[j]2124341
September 15, 2023[k]2214332
November 13, 2023[j]2134341
November 28, 2023[k]2224350
December 1, 2023[l]2214341
December 31, 2023[m]2204332
January 21, 2024[n]2194323
February 2, 2024[o]2124314
February 28, 2024[l]2134323
March 22, 2024[p]2184314
April 20, 2024[q]2174305
April 24, 2024[r]2124296
May 6, 2024[o]2134305
June 3, 2024[m]2184314
June 25, 2024[n]2194323
July 8, 2024[p]2204332
July 19, 2024[s]2124323
August 21, 2024[t]2114314
September 23, 2024[r]2124323
November 12, 2024[s][q]2132214341
November 13, 2024[u]2204332
December 8, 2024[v][w]2114314
December 14, 2024[x]2194305
December 31, 2024[y]2104296
Last voting share48.95%51.05%
Non-voting members32[z]51
Beginning of the next Congress2152194341

Leadership

Note: Democrats refer to themselves as a "caucus"; Republicans refer to themselves as a "conference".

Senate

Presiding

Majority (Democratic)

Minority (Republican)

House of Representatives

Presiding

Majority (Republican)

Minority (Democratic)

Members

Senate

Main article: List of United States senators in the 118th Congress

The numbers refer to their Senate classes. All class 3 seats were contested in the November 2022 elections. In this Congress, class 3 means their term commenced in 2023, requiring re-election in 2028; class 1 means their term ends with this Congress, requiring re-election in 2024; and class 2 means their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 2026.

Alabama

2. Tommy Tuberville (R)
3. Katie Britt (R)

Alaska

2. Dan Sullivan (R)
3. Lisa Murkowski (R)

Arizona

1. Kyrsten Sinema (I)[d]
3. Mark Kelly (D)

Arkansas

2. Tom Cotton (R)
3. John Boozman (R)

California

1. Dianne Feinstein (D) (until September 29, 2023)[f]
Laphonza Butler (D) (October 3, 2023 – December 8, 2024)[f]
Adam Schiff (D) (from December 9, 2024)
3. Alex Padilla (D)

Colorado

2. John Hickenlooper (D)
3. Michael Bennet (D)

Connecticut

1. Chris Murphy (D)
3. Richard Blumenthal (D)

Delaware

1. Tom Carper (D)
2. Chris Coons (D)

Florida

1. Rick Scott (R)
3. Marco Rubio (R)

Georgia

2. Jon Ossoff (D)
3. Raphael Warnock (D)

Hawaii

1. Mazie Hirono (D)
3. Brian Schatz (D)

Idaho

2. Jim Risch (R)
3. Mike Crapo (R)

Illinois

2. Dick Durbin (D)
3. Tammy Duckworth (D)

Indiana

1. Mike Braun (R)
3. Todd Young (R)

Iowa

2. Joni Ernst (R)
3. Chuck Grassley (R)

Kansas

2. Roger Marshall (R)
3. Jerry Moran (R)

Kentucky

2. Mitch McConnell (R)
3. Rand Paul (R)

Louisiana

2. Bill Cassidy (R)
3. John Kennedy (R)

Maine

1. Angus King (I)
2. Susan Collins (R)

Maryland

1. Ben Cardin (D)
3. Chris Van Hollen (D)

Massachusetts

1. Elizabeth Warren (D)
2. Ed Markey (D)

Michigan

1. Debbie Stabenow (D)
2. Gary Peters (D)

Minnesota

1. Amy Klobuchar (DFL)[ab]
2. Tina Smith (DFL)[ab]

Mississippi

1. Roger Wicker (R)
2. Cindy Hyde-Smith (R)

Missouri

1. Josh Hawley (R)
3. Eric Schmitt (R)

Montana

1. Jon Tester (D)
2. Steve Daines (R)

Nebraska

1. Deb Fischer (R)
2. Ben Sasse (R) (until January 8, 2023)[e]
Pete Ricketts (R) (from January 23, 2023)[e]

Nevada

1. Jacky Rosen (D)
3. Catherine Cortez Masto (D)

New Hampshire

2. Jeanne Shaheen (D)
3. Maggie Hassan (D)

New Jersey

1. Bob Menendez (D) (until August 20, 2024)[h]
George Helmy (D) (September 9, 2024 – December 8, 2024)[h][58]
Andy Kim (D) (from December 9, 2024)
2. Cory Booker (D)

New Mexico

1. Martin Heinrich (D)
2. Ben Ray Luján (D)

New York

1. Kirsten Gillibrand (D)
3. Chuck Schumer (D)

North Carolina

2. Thom Tillis (R)
3. Ted Budd (R)

North Dakota

1. Kevin Cramer (R)
3. John Hoeven (R)

Ohio

1. Sherrod Brown (D)
3. JD Vance (R)

Oklahoma

2. Markwayne Mullin (R)
3. James Lankford (R)

Oregon

2. Jeff Merkley (D)
3. Ron Wyden (D)

Pennsylvania

1. Bob Casey Jr. (D)
3. John Fetterman (D)

Rhode Island

1. Sheldon Whitehouse (D)
2. Jack Reed (D)

South Carolina

2. Lindsey Graham (R)
3. Tim Scott (R)

South Dakota

2. Mike Rounds (R)
3. John Thune (R)

Tennessee

1. Marsha Blackburn (R)
2. Bill Hagerty (R)

Texas

1. Ted Cruz (R)
2. John Cornyn (R)

Utah

1. Mitt Romney (R)
3. Mike Lee (R)

Vermont

1. Bernie Sanders (I)
3. Peter Welch (D)

Virginia

1. Tim Kaine (D)
2. Mark Warner (D)

Washington

1. Maria Cantwell (D)
3. Patty Murray (D)

West Virginia

1. Joe Manchin (D until May 31, 2024, then I)[g]
2. Shelley Moore Capito (R)

Wisconsin

1. Tammy Baldwin (D)
3. Ron Johnson (R)

Wyoming

1. John Barrasso (R)
2. Cynthia Lummis (R)

House of Representatives

Main article: List of United States representatives in the 118th Congress

All 435 seats were filled by election in November 2022. Additionally, six non-voting members were elected from the American territories and Washington, D.C.[ac]

The numbers refer to the congressional district of the given state in this Congress. Eight new congressional districts were created or re-created, while eight others were eliminated, as a result of the 2020 United States census.[ad][ae]

Alabama

. Jerry Carl (R)
. Barry Moore (R)
. Mike Rogers (R)
. Robert Aderholt (R)
. Dale Strong (R)
. Gary Palmer (R)
. Terri Sewell (D)

Alaska

. Mary Peltola (D)

Arizona

. David Schweikert (R)
. Eli Crane (R)
. Ruben Gallego (D)
. Greg Stanton (D)
. Andy Biggs (R)
. Juan Ciscomani (R)
. Raúl Grijalva (D)
. Debbie Lesko (R)
. Paul Gosar (R)

Arkansas

. Rick Crawford (R)
. French Hill (R)
. Steve Womack (R)
. Bruce Westerman (R)

California

. Doug LaMalfa (R)
. Jared Huffman (D)
. Kevin Kiley (R)
. Mike Thompson (D)
. Tom McClintock (R)
. Ami Bera (D)
. Doris Matsui (D)
. John Garamendi (D)
. Josh Harder (D)
. Mark DeSaulnier (D)
. Nancy Pelosi (D)
. Barbara Lee (D)
. John Duarte (R)
. Eric Swalwell (D)
. Kevin Mullin (D)
. Anna Eshoo (D)
. Ro Khanna (D)
. Zoe Lofgren (D)
. Jimmy Panetta (D)
. Kevin McCarthy (R) (until December 31, 2023)[m]
Vince Fong (R) (from June 3, 2024)[m]
. Jim Costa (D)
. David Valadao (R)
. Jay Obernolte (R)
. Salud Carbajal (D)
. Raul Ruiz (D)
. Julia Brownley (D)
. Mike Garcia (R)
. Judy Chu (D)
. Tony Cárdenas (D)
. Adam Schiff (D) (until December 8, 2024)[v]
Vacant
. Grace Napolitano (D)
. Brad Sherman (D)
. Pete Aguilar (D)
. Jimmy Gomez (D)
. Norma Torres (D)
. Ted Lieu (D)
. Sydney Kamlager-Dove (D)
. Linda Sánchez (D)
. Mark Takano (D)
. Young Kim (R)
. Ken Calvert (R)
. Robert Garcia (D)
. Maxine Waters (D)
. Nanette Barragán (D)
. Michelle Steel (R)
. Lou Correa (D)
. Katie Porter (D)
. Darrell Issa (R)
. Mike Levin (D)
. Scott Peters (D)
. Sara Jacobs (D)
. Juan Vargas (D)

Colorado

. Diana DeGette (D)
. Joe Neguse (D)
. Lauren Boebert (R)
. Ken Buck (R) (until March 22, 2024)[p]
Greg Lopez (R) (from July 8, 2024)[p]
. Doug Lamborn (R)
. Jason Crow (D)
. Brittany Pettersen (D)
. Yadira Caraveo (D)

Connecticut

. John B. Larson (D)
. Joe Courtney (D)
. Rosa DeLauro (D)
. Jim Himes (D)
. Jahana Hayes (D)

Delaware

. Lisa Blunt Rochester (D)

Florida

. Matt Gaetz (R) (until November 13, 2024)[u]
Vacant
. Neal Dunn (R)
. Kat Cammack (R)
. Aaron Bean (R)
. John Rutherford (R)
. Mike Waltz (R)
. Cory Mills (R)
. Bill Posey (R)
. Darren Soto (D)
. Maxwell Frost (D)
. Daniel Webster (R)
. Gus Bilirakis (R)
. Anna Paulina Luna (R)
. Kathy Castor (D)
. Laurel Lee (R)
. Vern Buchanan (R)
. Greg Steube (R)
. Scott Franklin (R)
. Byron Donalds (R)
. Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick (D)
. Brian Mast (R)
. Lois Frankel (D)
. Jared Moskowitz (D)
. Frederica Wilson (D)
. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D)
. Mario Díaz-Balart (R)
. María Elvira Salazar (R)
. Carlos A. Giménez (R)

Georgia

. Buddy Carter (R)
. Sanford Bishop (D)
. Drew Ferguson (R)
. Hank Johnson (D)
. Nikema Williams (D)
. Rich McCormick (R)
. Lucy McBath (D)
. Austin Scott (R)
. Andrew Clyde (R)
. Mike Collins (R)
. Barry Loudermilk (R)
. Rick Allen (R)
. David Scott (D)
. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R)

Hawaii

. Ed Case (D)
. Jill Tokuda (D)

Idaho

. Russ Fulcher (R)
. Mike Simpson (R)

Illinois

. Jonathan Jackson (D)
. Robin Kelly (D)
. Delia Ramirez (D)
. Chuy García (D)
. Mike Quigley (D)
. Sean Casten (D)
. Danny Davis (D)
. Raja Krishnamoorthi (D)
. Jan Schakowsky (D)
. Brad Schneider (D)
. Bill Foster (D)
. Mike Bost (R)
. Nikki Budzinski (D)
. Lauren Underwood (D)
. Mary Miller (R)
. Darin LaHood (R)
. Eric Sorensen (D)

Indiana

. Frank J. Mrvan (D)
. Rudy Yakym (R)
. Jim Banks (R)
. Jim Baird (R)
. Victoria Spartz (R)
. Greg Pence (R)
. André Carson (D)
. Larry Bucshon (R)
. Erin Houchin (R)

Iowa

. Mariannette Miller-Meeks (R)
. Ashley Hinson (R)
. Zach Nunn (R)
. Randy Feenstra (R)

Kansas

. Tracey Mann (R)
. Jake LaTurner (R)
. Sharice Davids (D)
. Ron Estes (R)

Kentucky

. James Comer (R)
. Brett Guthrie (R)
. Morgan McGarvey (D)
. Thomas Massie (R)
. Hal Rogers (R)
. Andy Barr (R)

Louisiana

. Steve Scalise (R)
. Troy Carter (D)
. Clay Higgins (R)
. Mike Johnson (R)
. Julia Letlow (R)
. Garret Graves (R)

Maine

. Chellie Pingree (D)
. Jared Golden (D)

Maryland

. Andy Harris (R)
. Dutch Ruppersberger (D)
. John Sarbanes (D)
. Glenn Ivey (D)
. Steny Hoyer (D)
. David Trone (D)
. Kweisi Mfume (D)
. Jamie Raskin (D)

Massachusetts

. Richard Neal (D)
. Jim McGovern (D)
. Lori Trahan (D)
. Jake Auchincloss (D)
. Katherine Clark (D)
. Seth Moulton (D)
. Ayanna Pressley (D)
. Stephen Lynch (D)
. Bill Keating (D)

Michigan

. Jack Bergman (R)
. John Moolenaar (R)
. Hillary Scholten (D)
. Bill Huizenga (R)
. Tim Walberg (R)
. Debbie Dingell (D)
. Elissa Slotkin (D)
. Dan Kildee (D)
. Lisa McClain (R)
. John James (R)
. Haley Stevens (D)
. Rashida Tlaib (D)
. Shri Thanedar (D)

Minnesota

. Brad Finstad (R)
. Angie Craig (DFL)[ab]
. Dean Phillips (DFL)[ab]
. Betty McCollum (DFL)[ab]
. Ilhan Omar (DFL)[ab]
. Tom Emmer (R)
. Michelle Fischbach (R)
. Pete Stauber (R)

Mississippi

. Trent Kelly (R)
. Bennie Thompson (D)
. Michael Guest (R)
. Mike Ezell (R)

Missouri

. Cori Bush (D)
. Ann Wagner (R)
. Blaine Luetkemeyer (R)
. Mark Alford (R)
. Emanuel Cleaver (D)
. Sam Graves (R)
. Eric Burlison (R)
. Jason Smith (R)

Montana

. Ryan Zinke (R)
. Matt Rosendale (R)

Nebraska

. Mike Flood (R)
. Don Bacon (R)
. Adrian Smith (R)

Nevada

. Dina Titus (D)
. Mark Amodei (R)
. Susie Lee (D)
. Steven Horsford (D)

New Hampshire

. Chris Pappas (D)
. Annie Kuster (D)

New Jersey

. Donald Norcross (D)
. Jeff Van Drew (R)
. Andy Kim (D) (until December 8, 2024)[w]
Vacant
. Chris Smith (R)
. Josh Gottheimer (D)
. Frank Pallone (D)
. Thomas Kean Jr. (R)
. Rob Menendez (D)
. Bill Pascrell (D) (until August 21, 2024)[t]
Vacant
. Donald Payne Jr. (D) (until April 24, 2024)[r]
LaMonica McIver (D) (from September 23, 2024)[r]
. Mikie Sherrill (D)
. Bonnie Watson Coleman (D)

New Mexico

. Melanie Stansbury (D)
. Gabe Vasquez (D)
. Teresa Leger Fernandez (D)

New York

. Nick LaLota (R)
. Andrew Garbarino (R)
. George Santos (R) (until December 1, 2023)[l]
Tom Suozzi (D) (from February 28, 2024)[l]
. Anthony D'Esposito (R)
. Gregory Meeks (D)
. Grace Meng (D)
. Nydia Velázquez (D)
. Hakeem Jeffries (D)
. Yvette Clarke (D)
. Dan Goldman (D)
. Nicole Malliotakis (R)
. Jerry Nadler (D)
. Adriano Espaillat (D)
. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D)
. Ritchie Torres (D)
. Jamaal Bowman (D)
. Mike Lawler (R)
. Pat Ryan (D)
. Marc Molinaro (R)
. Paul Tonko (D)
. Elise Stefanik (R)
. Brandon Williams (R)
. Nick Langworthy (R)
. Claudia Tenney (R)
. Joseph Morelle (D)
. Brian Higgins (D) (until February 2, 2024)[o]
Tim Kennedy (D) (from May 6, 2024)[o]

North Carolina

. Don Davis (D)
. Deborah Ross (D)
. Greg Murphy (R)
. Valerie Foushee (D)
. Virginia Foxx (R)
. Kathy Manning (D)
. David Rouzer (R)
. Dan Bishop (R)
. Richard Hudson (R)
. Patrick McHenry (R)
. Chuck Edwards (R)
. Alma Adams (D)
. Wiley Nickel (D)
. Jeff Jackson (D) (until December 31, 2024)[y]
Vacant

North Dakota

. Kelly Armstrong (R) (until December 14, 2024)[x]
Vacant

Ohio

. Greg Landsman (D)
. Brad Wenstrup (R)
. Joyce Beatty (D)
. Jim Jordan (R)
. Bob Latta (R)
. Bill Johnson (R) (until January 21, 2024)[n]
Michael Rulli (R) (from June 25, 2024)[n]
. Max Miller (R)
. Warren Davidson (R)
. Marcy Kaptur (D)
. Mike Turner (R)
. Shontel Brown (D)
. Troy Balderson (R)
. Emilia Sykes (D)
. David Joyce (R)
. Mike Carey (R)

Oklahoma

. Kevin Hern (R)
. Josh Brecheen (R)
. Frank Lucas (R)
. Tom Cole (R)
. Stephanie Bice (R)

Oregon

. Suzanne Bonamici (D)
. Cliff Bentz (R)
. Earl Blumenauer (D)
. Val Hoyle (D)
. Lori Chavez-DeRemer (R)
. Andrea Salinas (D)

Pennsylvania

. Brian Fitzpatrick (R)
. Brendan Boyle (D)
. Dwight Evans (D)
. Madeleine Dean (D)
. Mary Gay Scanlon (D)
. Chrissy Houlahan (D)
. Susan Wild (D)
. Matt Cartwright (D)
. Dan Meuser (R)
. Scott Perry (R)
. Lloyd Smucker (R)
. Summer Lee (D)
. John Joyce (R)
. Guy Reschenthaler (R)
. Glenn Thompson (R)
. Mike Kelly (R)
. Chris Deluzio (D)

Rhode Island

. David Cicilline (D) (until May 31, 2023)[j]
Gabe Amo (D) (from November 13, 2023)[j]
. Seth Magaziner (D)

South Carolina

. Nancy Mace (R)
. Joe Wilson (R)
. Jeff Duncan (R)
. William Timmons (R)
. Ralph Norman (R)
. Jim Clyburn (D)
. Russell Fry (R)

South Dakota

. Dusty Johnson (R)

Tennessee

. Diana Harshbarger (R)
. Tim Burchett (R)
. Chuck Fleischmann (R)
. Scott DesJarlais (R)
. Andy Ogles (R)
. John Rose (R)
. Mark Green (R)
. David Kustoff (R)
. Steve Cohen (D)

Texas

. Nathaniel Moran (R)
. Dan Crenshaw (R)
. Keith Self (R)
. Pat Fallon (R)
. Lance Gooden (R)
. Jake Ellzey (R)
. Lizzie Fletcher (D)
. Morgan Luttrell (R)
. Al Green (D)
. Michael McCaul (R)
. August Pfluger (R)
. Kay Granger (R)
. Ronny Jackson (R)
. Randy Weber (R)
. Monica De La Cruz (R)
. Veronica Escobar (D)
. Pete Sessions (R)
. Sheila Jackson Lee (D) (until July 19, 2024)[s]
Erica Lee Carter (D) (from November 12, 2024)[s]
. Jodey Arrington (R)
. Joaquin Castro (D)
. Chip Roy (R)
. Troy Nehls (R)
. Tony Gonzales (R)
. Beth Van Duyne (R)
. Roger Williams (R)
. Michael C. Burgess (R)
. Michael Cloud (R)
. Henry Cuellar (D)
. Sylvia Garcia (D)
. Jasmine Crockett (D)
. John Carter (R)
. Colin Allred (D)
. Marc Veasey (D)
. Vicente Gonzalez (D)
. Greg Casar (D)
. Brian Babin (R)
. Lloyd Doggett (D)
. Wesley Hunt (R)

Utah

. Blake Moore (R)
. Chris Stewart (R) (until September 15, 2023)[k]
Celeste Maloy (R) (from November 28, 2023)[k]
. John Curtis (R)
. Burgess Owens (R)

Vermont

. Becca Balint (D)

Virginia

. Rob Wittman (R)
. Jen Kiggans (R)
. Bobby Scott (D)
. Jennifer McClellan (D) (from March 7, 2023)[i]
. Bob Good (R)
. Ben Cline (R)
. Abigail Spanberger (D)
. Don Beyer (D)
. Morgan Griffith (R)
. Jennifer Wexton (D)
. Gerry Connolly (D)

Washington

. Suzan DelBene (D)
. Rick Larsen (D)
. Marie Gluesenkamp Perez (D)
. Dan Newhouse (R)
. Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R)
. Derek Kilmer (D)
. Pramila Jayapal (D)
. Kim Schrier (D)
. Adam Smith (D)
. Marilyn Strickland (D)

West Virginia

. Carol Miller (R)
. Alex Mooney (R)

Wisconsin

. Bryan Steil (R)
. Mark Pocan (D)
. Derrick Van Orden (R)
. Gwen Moore (D)
. Scott Fitzgerald (R)
. Glenn Grothman (R)
. Tom Tiffany (R)
. Mike Gallagher (R) (until April 20, 2024)[q]
Tony Wied (R) (from November 12, 2024)[q]

Wyoming

. Harriet Hageman (R)

Non-voting members

: Amata Coleman Radewagen (R)
: Eleanor Holmes Norton (D)
: James Moylan (R)[59]
: Gregorio Sablan (D)
. Jenniffer González-Colón (PNP/R)[ac] (until January 2, 2025)
Vacant
: Stacey Plaskett (D)

Changes in membership

Senate changes

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate

|- ! Nebraska
(2) | | Ben Sasse
(R) | data-sort-value="January 2023" | Incumbent resigned January 8, 2023, to become the president of the University of Florida.[60]
Successor was appointed January 12, 2023, to continue the term.[61]
Appointee was later elected to finish the term ending January 3, 2027.[62] | | Pete Ricketts
(R) | January 23, 2023 |- ! California
(1) | | Dianne Feinstein
(D) | data-sort-value="September 2023" | Incumbent died September 29, 2023, having already planned to retire at the end of the term.[63]
Successor was appointed October 1, 2023, to continue the term.[64] | | Laphonza Butler
(D) | October 3, 2023 |- ! West Virginia
(1) | | Joe Manchin
(D) | data-sort-value="May 2024" | Incumbent changed party May 31, 2024.[44] | | Joe Manchin
(I) | align=center data-sort-value="May 31, 2024" | N/A |- ! New Jersey
(1) | | Bob Menendez
(D) | data-sort-value="August 2024" | Incumbent resigned August 20, 2024, due to criminal conviction.[65]
Successor was appointed August 23, 2024, to finish the term ending with this Congress.[66] | | George Helmy
(D) | September 9, 2024 |- ! New Jersey
(1) | | George Helmy
(D) | data-sort-value="December 2024" | Appointee resigned December 8, 2024,[58] to allow successor to take office early.[66]
Successor was appointed December 8, 2024, having already been elected to the next term. | | Andy Kim
(D) | December 9, 2024 |- ! California
(1) | | Laphonza Butler
(D) | data-sort-value="December 2024" | Appointee resigned December 8, 2024, to allow successor to take office early.[67][68]
Successor was appointed having already been elected to finish the term ending with this Congress.[69] | | Adam Schiff
(D) | December 9, 2024 |}

House of Representatives changes

See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives

|- ! | data-sort-value="Aaaaa" | Vacant | data-sort-value="January 3, 2023" | Incumbent Donald McEachin (D) died November 28, 2022, before the beginning of this Congress.
A special election was held on February 21, 2023.[70] | |Jennifer McClellan
(D) | March 7, 2023 |- ! | | David Cicilline
(D) | data-sort-value="May 31, 2023" | Incumbent resigned May 31, 2023, to become CEO of the Rhode Island Foundation.
A special election was held on November 7, 2023.[71] | |Gabe Amo
(D) | November 13, 2023 |- ! | | Chris Stewart
(R) | data-sort-value="September 2023" | Incumbent resigned September 15, 2023, due to his wife's health issues.
A special election was held on November 21, 2023.[72] | |Celeste Maloy
(R) | November 28, 2023 |- ! | | George Santos
(R) | data-sort-value="December 2023" | Incumbent expelled December 1, 2023.[73]
A special election was held on February 13, 2024. | |Tom Suozzi
(D) | February 28, 2024 |- ! | | Kevin McCarthy
(R) | data-sort-value="December 2023" | Incumbent resigned December 31, 2023.[74]
A special election was held on May 21, 2024. | |Vince Fong
(R) | June 3, 2024 |- ! | | Bill Johnson
(R) | data-sort-value="January 2024" | Incumbent resigned January 21, 2024, to become president of Youngstown State University.[75][76]
A special election was held on June 11, 2024. | | Michael Rulli
(R) | June 25, 2024 |- ! | | Brian Higgins
(D) | data-sort-value="February 2024" | Incumbent resigned February 2, 2024, to become president of Shea's Performing Arts Center.[77]
A special election was held on April 30, 2024.[78] | |Tim Kennedy
(D) | May 6, 2024 |- ! | | Ken Buck
(R) | data-sort-value="March 2024" | Incumbent resigned March 22, 2024.[79]
A special election was held on June 25, 2024. | | Greg Lopez
(R) | July 8, 2024 |- ! | | Mike Gallagher
(R) | data-sort-value="April 2024" | Incumbent resigned April 20, 2024.[80]
A special election was held on November 5, 2024.[81] | | Tony Wied
(R) | November 12, 2024 |- ! | | Donald Payne Jr.
(D) | data-sort-value="April 2024" | Incumbent died April 24, 2024.[82]
A special election was held on September 18, 2024. | |LaMonica McIver
(D) | September 23, 2024 |- ! | | Sheila Jackson Lee
(D) | data-sort-value="July 2024" | Incumbent died July 19, 2024.[83]
A special election was held on November 5, 2024. | | Erica Lee Carter
(D) | November 12, 2024 |- ! | | Bill Pascrell
(D) | data-sort-value="August 2024" | Incumbent died August 21, 2024.[84] | rowspan=7 colspan=2 align=center | Vacant until the next Congress |- ! | | Matt Gaetz
(R) | data-sort-value="November 2024" | Incumbent resigned November 13, 2024, after being nominated for U.S. Attorney General, but withdrew from consideration on November 21, 2024.[85] |- ! | | Andy Kim
(D) | data-sort-value="November 2024" | Incumbent resigned December 8, 2024,[58] after being elected to the U.S. Senate and appointed to take office early.[86] |- ! | | Adam Schiff
(D) | data-sort-value="December 2024" | Incumbent resigned December 8, 2024,[67] after being elected to the U.S. Senate in a special election.[87] |- ! | | Kelly Armstrong
(R) | data-sort-value="December 2024" | Incumbent resigned December 14, 2024, after being elected Governor of North Dakota.[88] |- ! | | Jeff Jackson
(D) | data-sort-value="December 2024" | Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, after being elected Attorney General of North Carolina.[89] |- ! | | Jenniffer González-Colón
(NPP/R) | data-sort-value="January 2025" | Incumbent resigned January 2, 2025, after being elected Governor of Puerto Rico. |}

Committees

Section contents: Senate, House, Joint

Senate committees

Standing committees

Main article: List of United States Senate committees
CommitteeChairRanking Member/Vice Chair
Agriculture, Nutrition and ForestryDebbie Stabenow (D-MI)John Boozman (R-AR)
AppropriationsPatty Murray (D-WA)Susan Collins (R-ME)
Armed ServicesJack Reed (D-RI)Roger Wicker (R-MS)
Banking, Housing and Urban AffairsSherrod Brown (D-OH)Tim Scott (R-SC)
BudgetSheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)Chuck Grassley (R-IA)
Commerce, Science and TransportationMaria Cantwell (D-WA)Ted Cruz (R-TX)
Energy and Natural ResourcesJoe Manchin (I-WV) (Democrat until May 31, 2024)John Barrasso (R-WY)
Environment and Public WorksTom Carper (D-DE)Shelley Moore Capito (R-WV)
FinanceRon Wyden (D-OR)Mike Crapo (R-ID)
Foreign RelationsBob Menendez (D-NJ) until September 22, 2023
Ben Cardin (D-MD) from September 25, 2023		Jim Risch (R-ID)
Health, Education, Labor and PensionsBernie Sanders (I-VT)Bill Cassidy (R-LA)
Homeland Security and Governmental AffairsGary Peters (D-MI)Rand Paul (R-KY)
JudiciaryDick Durbin (D-IL)Lindsey Graham (R-SC)
Rules and AdministrationAmy Klobuchar (D-MN)Deb Fischer (R-NE)
Small Business and EntrepreneurshipBen Cardin (D-MD) until September 25, 2023
Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH) from September 27, 2023		Joni Ernst (R-IA)
Veterans' AffairsJon Tester (D-MT)Jerry Moran (R-KS)

Select, permanent select and special committees

Main article: List of United States Senate committees
CommitteeChairRanking Member/Vice Chair
Aging (Special)Bob Casey Jr. (D-PA)Mike Braun (R-IN)
Ethics (Select)Chris Coons (D-DE)James Lankford (R-OK)
Indian Affairs (Permanent Select)Brian Schatz (D-HI)Lisa Murkowski (R-AK)
Intelligence (Select)Mark Warner (D-VA)Marco Rubio (R-FL)
International Narcotics Control (Permanent Caucus)Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI)Chuck Grassley (R-IA)

House of Representatives committees

Main article: List of United States House of Representatives committees
CommitteeChairRanking Member
AgricultureGlenn Thompson (R-PA)David Scott (D-GA)
AppropriationsKay Granger (R-TX) until April 10, 2024
Tom Cole (R-OK) from April 10, 2024		Rosa DeLauro (D-CT)
Armed ServicesMike Rogers (R-AL)Adam Smith (D-WA)
BudgetJodey Arrington (R-TX)Brendan Boyle (D-PA)
Education and the WorkforceVirginia Foxx (R-NC)Bobby Scott (D-VA)
Energy and CommerceCathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA)Frank Pallone (D-NJ)
EthicsMichael Guest (R-MS)Susan Wild (D-PA)
Financial ServicesPatrick McHenry (R-NC)Maxine Waters (D-CA)
Foreign AffairsMichael McCaul (R-TX)Gregory Meeks (D-NY)
Homeland SecurityMark Green (R-TN)Bennie Thompson (D-MS)
House AdministrationBryan Steil (R-WI)Joe Morelle (D-NY)
Intelligence (Permanent Select)Mike Turner (R-OH)Jim Himes (D-CT)
JudiciaryJim Jordan (R-OH)Jerry Nadler (D-NY)
Natural ResourcesBruce Westerman (R-AR)Raúl Grijalva (D-AZ)
Oversight and ReformJames Comer (R-KY)Jamie Raskin (D-MD)
RulesTom Cole (R-OK) until April 10, 2024
Michael C. Burgess (R-TX) from April 10, 2024		Jim McGovern (D-MA)
Science, Space and TechnologyFrank Lucas (R- OK)Zoe Lofgren (D-CA)
Small BusinessRoger Williams (R-TX)Nydia Velázquez (D-NY)
Transportation and InfrastructureSam Graves (R-MO)Rick Larsen (D-WA)
Veterans' AffairsMike Bost (R-IL)Mark Takano (D-CA)
Ways and MeansJason Smith (R-MO)Richard Neal (D-MA)

Joint committees

Main article: List of current United States congressional joint committees
CommitteeChairVice ChairRanking MemberVice Ranking Member
EconomicSen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM)Rep. David Schweikert (R-AZ)Rep. Don Beyer (D-VA)Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT)
Inaugural Ceremonies (Special)Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)Rep. Mike Johnson (R-LA)Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY)Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)
LibrarySen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)Rep. Bryan Steil (R-WI)Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY)Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)
PrintingRep. Bryan Steil (R-WI)Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)Sen. Deb Fischer (R-NE)Rep. Joe Morelle (D-NY)
Taxation[af]Rep. Jason Smith (R-MO)Sen. Ron Wyden (D-OR)Sen. Mike Crapo (R-ID)Rep. Richard Neal (D-MA)

Officers and officials

Congressional officers

Senate officers

House of Representatives officers

See also

Notes

  1. ^ On May 31, 2024, Joe Manchin, a senator from West Virginia, left the Democratic Party and became an Independent, but he continued to caucus with the Senate Democratic Caucus, as did the three other Independent members of the Senate. Thus, the number of Independent senators increased to four, and the number of Democratic Party members decreased to forty-seven.
  2. ^ McConnell has served as Senate Republican Leader since January 3, 2007, and Durbin has served as Senate Democratic Whip since January 3, 2005.
  3. ^ All four self-identified independents caucus with the Democrats.
  4. ^ In Arizona: Kyrsten Sinema left the Democratic Party to become an independent politician on December 9, 2022. Effective January 3, 2023, Sinema did not participate in either political party caucus but kept her seniority and continued to receive committee assignments through the Democrats.[90][91]
  5. ^ In Nebraska: Ben Sasse (R) resigned on January 8, 2023, to become President of the University of Florida.[60] Pete Ricketts (R) was appointed to fill the vacancy on January 12, 2023, and took office on January 23.
  6. ^ In California: Dianne Feinstein (D) died on September 29, 2023.[63] Laphonza Butler (D) was appointed to fill the vacancy on October 1, 2023, and took office on October 3.[92]
  7. ^ In West Virginia: Joe Manchin left the Democratic Party to become an independent politician on May 31, 2024. He continued to caucus with the Democrats.[44]
  8. ^ Bob Menendez resigned on August 20, 2024, due to criminal conviction.[93] George Helmy was appointed to fill the vacancy on August 23, 2023, and took office on September 9.
  9. ^ In : Donald McEachin (D) died during the previous Congress, and Jennifer McClellan (D) was elected February 21, 2023. She was sworn in on March 7.[94][95]
  10. ^ In : David Cicilline (D) resigned on May 31, 2023, and Gabe Amo (D) was elected November 7, 2023. He was sworn in on November 13, 2023.[71]
  11. ^ In : Chris Stewart (R) resigned on September 15, 2023, due to his wife's health issues,[96][72] and Celeste Maloy (R) was elected November 21, 2023. She was sworn in on November 28, 2023.[97]
  12. ^ In : George Santos (R) was expelled on December 1, 2023. Tom Suozzi (D) was elected February 13, 2024. He was sworn in on February 28, 2024.[98]
  13. ^ In : Kevin McCarthy (R) resigned on December 31, 2023. Vince Fong (R) was elected May 21, 2024. He was sworn in on June 3, 2024.
  14. ^ In : Bill Johnson (R) resigned on January 21, 2024. Michael Rulli (R) was elected June 11, 2024. He was sworn in on June 25, 2024.
  15. ^ In : Brian Higgins (D) resigned on February 2, 2024. Tim Kennedy (D) was elected April 30, 2024. He was sworn in on May 6, 2024.
  16. ^ In : Ken Buck (R) resigned on March 22, 2024. Greg Lopez (R) was elected June 25, 2024. He was sworn in on July 8, 2024.
  17. ^ In : Mike Gallagher (R) resigned on April 20, 2024. Tony Wied (R) was elected November 5, 2024. He was sworn in on November 12, 2024.
  18. ^ In : Donald Payne Jr. (D) died on April 24, 2024. LaMonica McIver (D) was elected September 18, 2024. She was sworn in on September 23, 2024.
  19. ^ In : Sheila Jackson Lee (D) died on July 19, 2024. Erica Lee Carter (D) was elected November 5, 2024. She was sworn in on November 12, 2024.
  20. ^ In : Bill Pascrell (D) died on August 21, 2024.
  21. ^ In : Matt Gaetz (R) resigned November 13, 2024.
  22. ^ In : Adam Schiff (D) resigned December 8, 2024 after being elected Senator.
  23. ^ In : Andy Kim (D) resigned December 8, 2024 after being elected Senator.
  24. ^ In : Kelly Armstrong (R) resigned December 14, 2024. In anticipation of becoming Governor of North Dakota.
  25. ^ In : Jeff Jackson (D) resigned December 31, 2024. In anticipation of becoming Attorney General of North Carolina.
  26. ^ Includes a New Progressive Party member who is also affiliated as a Republican.
  27. ^ Since 1920, the Senate Democratic leader has also concurrently served as the Democratic Caucus chairperson; this is an unwritten tradition.
  28. ^ The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party (DFL) is the Minnesota affiliate of the U.S. Democratic Party and its members are counted as Democrats.
  29. ^ Puerto Rico's non-voting member, the Resident Commissioner, is elected every four years. Jenniffer González was last elected in 2020.
  30. ^ The new districts created were: ; ; ; ; ; . The districts re-created were: ; .
  31. ^ The eliminated districts were: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; .
  32. ^ The Joint Taxation Committee leadership rotate the chair and vice chair and the ranking members between the House and Senate at the start of each session in the middle of the congressional term. The first session leadership is shown here.

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